Oral Presentation of Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis in Patient under Imatinib Mesylate: A Rare Case.

Candida albicans is the major human pathogen among Candida species. It is a commensal yeast of the oral, gastrointestinal, and vaginal mucosa in healthy individuals. The genus Candida has about 154 species, and different species show a different level of resistance to antifungal drugs and have a high degree of phenotypic similarity. Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common infection in oral cavity both pre- and post-treatment of cancer. Immunocompromised state in a cancer patient induces candidal species which get activated as a pathogen. It is found that in certain high-risk groups antifungal prophylaxis reduces the incidence and severity of infections. This case report discusses the occurrence of hyperplastic candidiasis in the patient under treatment by a chemotherapeutic agent imatinib mesylate for gastric tumor. We have discussed the probable cause for oral candidiasis in patients under imatinib mesylate and treatment advised for the oral hyperplastic candidiasis.

Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw in Female Patient: An Enigma.

Bisphosphonates are used in cases of osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, metastatic carcinoma to the skeleton, etc. The patients with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are a greater risk for osteonecrosis of the jaws. Osteonecrosis is considered to be one of the side effect of the bisphosphonate the most common affected jaw is mandible. The primary reason for the osteonecrosis of the jaw is basically due to the over suppression of bone turnover rate. Trauma, tooth extractions, and poor oral hygiene is also considered to be another co-factor which precedes the osteonecrosis of the jaw in the patients of bisphosphonate therapy. So, preventive measure as a reduction of oral microbial load and reduction foci of infection is mandatory step before the treatment of bisphosphonate therapy.