ABSTRACT
O câncer renal é uma moléstia onde a cura é obtida essencialmente através de tratamento cirúrgico em estágios iniciais. A nefroctomia radical pode ser realizada por via aberta ou laparoscópica, sendo que a última associa as vantagens de procedimentos minimamente invasivos. Neste artigo os autores realizam uma revisão extensa da literatura para comparar os resultados da nefrectomia radical aberta (NRA) versus nefrectomia radical laparoscópica (NRL).
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney , Kidney Neoplasms , Nephrectomy , LaparoscopyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To propose a new modality of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy as a complementary treatment for patients with high risk, stage I nonseminomatous testicular tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 76 patients with stage I nonseminomatous testis tumor (T1-T4, NX, M0) treated by orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Among them, 33 patients underwent unilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (URL) and 43 selective retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (SRL). URL consisted in removing the lymph nodes located around the great vessel homolateral to the tumor (aorta or vena cava and iliac vessels), and anterior and posterior to the contralateral great vessel (aorta or vena cava). SRL was performed removing the lymph nodes located anterior and between the great vessels (aorta or vena cava) and laterally to the homolateral great vessel, extending the distal dissection until the level of inferior mesenteric artery. In these groups of patients, the incidence of disease recurrence, disease-free survival index, and frequency of post-operative aspermia were assessed. Mean post-operative follow-up time was 96 months. RESULTS: In the SRL group there was only 5 percent of aspermia versus 79 percent in the URL group (p < 0.0001). Tumor recurrence was observed in only 5 of the 76 patients and was not related to the surgical technique. The disease-free survival rate after the mean follow-up of 96 months was similar in both groups, being 94 percent in the SRL group and 93 percent in the URL group. CONCLUSION: The selective retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy constitutes an effective technique with a lower morbidity than unilateral lymphadenectomy, representing an excellent option for the management of patients with high-risk, stage I nonseminomatous testis tumor.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the economical impact of surgical castration in comparison to the medical castration for patients with advanced prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2001, 32 patients with advanced prostate cancer underwent bilateral sub-capsular orchiectomy at our Hospital. The costs of this procedure were compared to the costs of medical castration with LH-RH analogues. RESULTS: The costs of the surgical procedure were extremely reduced when compared to published data on the medical treatment. Surgical castration did not have any stronger negative impact on the evolution of these patients when compared to medical castration. CONCLUSION: Surgical castration is an efficient and low cost treatment for advanced prostate cancer