ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the prevalence and socio-economic disparity among victims with disabilities caused by RTAs in Iran as country with a high rate of accidents
Method: The source of data was the Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study. The sampling framework was based on the population and housing census for Iran in 2006. Provincial samples ranged from 400 to 6,400 households. The target sample was 3,096 clusters consisting of 2,187 urban and 909 rural clusters. In the present study, all but a few indicators are reported at provincial levels. Mortality indicators, accident and disability rates, low birth weight rate and young age at marriage rates are presented at the national level only. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the individual and family factors influencing RTAs that lead to disability in Iran
Results: The period prevalence [12 months] of road traffic accident disabilities [RTADs] in the total population of 111415 was 30.52 [95% CI: 21.13.41.64] per 100,000 individuals. Among those who had been injured during the year leading up to the study, the proportion of disabilities caused by RTAs was 31.67 [95% CI; 8.51.54.97] per 1000 pedestrians, 20.99 [95% CI: 13.37.30.75] per 1000 motorcyclists, 18.64 [95% CI: 7.71.29.57] per 1000 vehicle drivers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of RTADs differed significantly in relation to age [AOR 50-59 vs. 0-9=10. 78, p-value:0.05]; activity status [AOR unemployed vs. employed=4.72, p-value:0.001] and family income [AOR q2 vs. q1=0.37, p-value:0.048] of the victim
Conclusion: In addition to the risks associated with socio-economic groups, particularly vulnerable groups, RTADs have consequences which can lead to further marginalization of individuals, can affect their quality of life and damage the community as a whole
ABSTRACT
Background: MAZDAK project that is child friendly environment program with community-based approach in terms of all-round development of children in Iran is running as a pilot in the neighborhood of Eivanak in the West of Tehran
Materials and methods: This study was a community-based participatory research [CBPR] of the health system research [HSR]. All of the households in Eivanak neighborhood area of Tehran were considered in the study
Results: MAZDAK was designed to monitor child development, care and safety by organizing local community and participating parents. For facilitating the parent's participation, some group of local women were organized, named REZAKAR, to connect parents. Now, 300 people of local family are under the study and monitoring the child development [by ASQ] and home safety evaluation [by checklist] and related interventions has been implemented in partnership with parents and the volunteers
Conclusion: Important requirements, such as inter-sectoral collaboration and cooperation of parents, should be considered for the early childhood development projects to make the better process. Although it has a lot of efficacy, but it has several challenges at different stages of participation and community mobilization and sustainability of the local organizing face. Evidence from a variety of initiatives during the implementation of such projects is the collective wisdom to deal with this challenge is to be able to guide similar efforts
ABSTRACT
Community-based health programs [CBHPs] with participatory approaches has been recognized as an important tool in health promotion. The goal of this study was to understand the nature of participation practice in CBHP and to use the data to advocate for more participation-friendly policies in the community, academy and funding organizations. In this qualitative study, 13 CBHPs, which were active for last 5 years have been assessed using semi-structural in-depth interviews with programs principal and managers and focus group discussions with volunteers and service users. Data analysis was based on the deductive-inductive content analysis considering the participatory approaches in these programs. The results show that, the main category of participation was divided to community participation and intersectional collaboration. The community participation level was very different from "main," "advisory" or "supporting" level. The process of recruitment of volunteers by the governmental organization was centralized and in non-governmental organizations was quite different. According to respondents opinion, financial and spiritual incentives especially tangible rewards, e.g., learning skills or capacity building were useful for engaging and maintaining volunteers' participation. For intersectional collaboration, strong and dedicated partners, supportive policy environment are critical. It seems that maintaining partnership in CBHP takes considerable time, financial support, knowledge development and capacity building
ABSTRACT
Starting in 1990 many programs were initiated to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS in prisons in accordance with the policies of the Ministry of Health. This study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of harm reduction programs vis-a-vis drug abuse and dependency in 7 prisons in Iran. The methodology used is Before-After testing and the sample population is incarcerated prisoners in 7 large prisons in 7 provinces with diverse geographical, criminal, and numerical factors and the population sample is estimated at 2,200 inmates. Findings show that Drug addiction tests conducted on prisoners, right after their admittance indicated that 57% used at least one of the three drugs of morphine, amphetamines, and hashish [52% morphine, 4.5% amphetamines, and 3.9% hashish]. Two months later, on the 2nd phase of the study, test results indicated that only 10% of subjects continued using drugs [P=0.05]. Heroin and opium were the two most prevalent drugs. Smoking, oral in-take, and sniffing were the three most popular methods. Of those who continued to use drugs in prison, 95% admitted to drug use records. Intervention policies in prisons resulted in reduction of drug consumption, from 57% of the newly admitted inmates to 10% after two months of incarceration