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CES odontol ; 22(2): 19-25, jul.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565674

ABSTRACT

Introducción y Objetivo: Las cifras de los estudios de morbilidad oral indican con frecuencia que las medidas que se toman para lograr el control de la placa dental no son eficaces. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de dos estrategias para el control de la placa dental aplicadas en escolares. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental, realizado en 510 escolares escogidos por muestreo probabilístico y selección aleatoria. Los participantes se dividieron en tres grupos: al primerose le aplicó la estrategia “Marketing social” (técnica de higiene bucal acompañada de una campaña publicitaria), al segundo, la estrategia “Tradicional” (charlas educativas y capacitación en técnica de cepillado) y el grupo “Control” que no recibió ninguna instrucción. Se tomaron pre y postíndices gingivales y de placa bacteriana. Resultados: La comparación de la estrategia “marketing” con el grupo “control” dió un Riesgo relativo (RR) de 0.85 (IC 0.71-1.02), una Reducción absoluta de riesgo (RAR) del 10%, un Riesgo Absoluto poblacional (Rap%) de 8% y Número necesario a tratar: (NNT) de10. Cuando se comparó la estrategia “tradicional”con el grupo “control” se obtuvo: RR=1.10 (IC 0.95-1.28); RAR: 6%, Rap%= 4 % y NNT= 16. Conclusión: Los promedios de los postíndices de placa bacteriana y gingivales fueron menores en el grupo donde se aplicó la estrategia “Marketing” (p<0.05). La estrategia "tradicional” no tuvo beneficios adicionales cuando se comparó con el grupo "control".


Introduction and Objective: Figures of studies of oral morbidity frequently show that dental plaque control measures are not efficient. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two strategies for dental plaque control in school children. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in 510 school children selected by means of a randomized probabilistic sampling. Children were divided into three groups. The first was approached by a social marketing strategy (oral hygiene technique accompanied by an advertising campaign), the second received the traditional dental strategy (educational talks and instruction in brushing technique) and the third was the control group which did not receive any instruction. Gingival and pre-and post-brushing plaque index scores were analyzed. Results: The comparison between the marketing strategy group and the control group showed the following results: a relative risk (RR) of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.02), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 10%, an absolute population risk (APR) of 8% and a Number Needed to Treat (NNT) of 10. The comparison between the traditional dental strategy group and the control group showed the following results: RR=1.10 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.28); ARR= 6%, APR% = 4 % and NNT= 16. Conclusions: The averages of gingival and post-brushing plaque index scores were lower in the marketing strategy group (p< 0.05). “Traditional” strategy had no benefits what so ever when compared with "control" group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Morbidity , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , School Dentistry , Social Marketing , Patient Selection
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