Risk factors for different types of hypospadias / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the risk factors for different types of hypospadias.@*METHODS@#According to the 1∶1 ratio, we included hypospadias children in the case group and those without urinary abnormality as controls, all from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between October 2015 to October 2016. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we investigated the risk factors for hypospadias as well as for four different types of the disease.@*RESULTS@#Among the 440 subjects, the risk factors for hypospadias included preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, pregnancy age 35 years, primipara, maternal smoking (including passive smoking), oral progesterone, cold or fever during pregnancy, and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy, while the protective factors included protein supplement in early pregnancy. The pregnancy age 35 years was the main risk factor for type I hypospadias; preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, primipara, and maternal smoking (including passive smoking) during pregnancy were the risk factors for type Ⅱ; preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, rural residence of the mother, and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy were those for type Ⅲ; and exposure to high temperature in early pregnancy and oral progesterone during pregnancy were those for type Ⅳ.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk factors for hypospadias vary for different types, and therefore hypospadias-related clinical studies should be conducted and preventive measures should be taken accordingly. However, a larger sample size is needed to get more scientific and reliable results concerning the risk factors for different types of hypospadias.

Concentration of seminal plasma and serum inhibin B: a predictor in the diagnosis of azoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the concentrations of seminal plasma and serum inhibin B in the differential diagnosis of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included 37 infertile men with obstructive azoospermia, another 33 with non-obstructive azoospermia and 25 normal fertile men as controls, and measured the concentrations of their FSH serum, seminal plasma and serum inhibin B, using Testicular Histology Johnson Score for the azoospermia infertile men.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentration ratio of seminal plasma to serum inhibin B was 2.17 in the control and 3.63 in the non-obstructive azoospermia group, with no significant difference (P = 0.29) in between, but obviously lower in the obstructive azoospermia group (0.18), significantly different from the above two (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The concentration ratio of seminal plasma to serum inhibin B can be used as a predictor in the diagnosis of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.</p>

Alpha-glycosidase helps the diagnosis of epididymal obstructive azoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the diagnostic value of alpha-glycosidase for epididymal lump induced obstructive azoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six infertile men with normal spermatogenic function were divided according to sperm density into a normal density group (n = 27), an oligospermia group (n = 21) and an obstructive azoospermia group (n = 28), and another 30 fertile males were included as normal controls. Semen plasma alpha-glycosidase, leucocyte count, sexual hormone levels and the diameters of the epididymal lumps were measured and their correlations were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>alpha-Glycosidase in the obstructive azoospermia group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P <0.05), and negatively correlated with epididymal volume (r = -0.417, P <0.05) and leucocyte count (r = -0.342, P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Alpha-Glycosidase has been proved of diagnostic value for epididymal obstructive azoospermia.</p>

Analyse of zinc and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma and sperm parameters of infertile male / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate the relationship among zinc, acid phosphatase levels in seminal plasma and sperm parameters in infertile male.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The activities of zinc and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma were detected and leucocytes was stained and counted in 169 infertile men and 21 normal fertility as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Acid phosphatase levels in infertile groups were significantly lower than those in the normal control when grouped both in terms of sperm vitality and density( P < 0.01), but no statistical differences were observed among infertile groups (P > 0.05). Further, zinc levels in necrospermia groups were lower than those in the control (P > 0.05). The leucocyte numbers in infertile groups were larger than those in the control when grouped according to sperm density (P < 0.001), and the same results were obtained when grouped in terms of sperm vitality except in the necrospermia group (P > 0.05). Acid phosphatase and zinc levels were not correlated with leucocyte counting (r = 0.088, P = 0.162; r = 0.119, P = 0.057).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The descent of acid phosphatase and ascent of leucocyte number in seminal plasma can result in the fall of sperm vitality and density, and can be used to be diagnostic indexes of male infertility. Seminal zinc levels in infertile groups were lower than those in the control, but there was no statistical significance.</p>