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Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014,based on the cancer registration data.Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR).Methods All together,449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014,to the NCCR.After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups.Combined with data from the National population in 2014,the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated.Data from the 2000 National census was used,and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality.Results The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347,with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas.The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70％ and 1.27％,respectively.The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37.The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China,in 2014,with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95％CI:4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000).The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer,estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world)were 3.43/100 000 (95％CI:3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95％CI:3.37/100 000-3.43/100 000),respectively.The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40％ in China.The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000)and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females.The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95％CI:6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95％ CI:4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95％CI:3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95％CI:2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas.The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country,in 2014,with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95％CI:1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000).The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95 ％ CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000)and 1.16/100 000(95％CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000),respectively,with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12％.The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95％CI:2.27/100 000-2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95％ CI:1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males,respectively,whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95％CI:1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000(95％CI:0.79/100 000-0.83/100 000) for females.The crude andASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95％CI:2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95％CI:1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000)in urban areas,respectively,whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95％CI:1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000)and 0.78/100 000 (95％ CI:0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas.Conclusions Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low,in China.However,the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased.Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.
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Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014,based on the cancer registration data.Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR).Methods All together,449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014,to the NCCR.After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups.Combined with data from the National population in 2014,the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated.Data from the 2000 National census was used,and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality.Results The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347,with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas.The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70％ and 1.27％,respectively.The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37.The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China,in 2014,with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95％CI:4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000).The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer,estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world)were 3.43/100 000 (95％CI:3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95％CI:3.37/100 000-3.43/100 000),respectively.The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40％ in China.The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000)and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females.The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95％CI:6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95％ CI:4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000),respectively,whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95％CI:3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95％CI:2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas.The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country,in 2014,with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95％CI:1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000).The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95 ％ CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000)and 1.16/100 000(95％CI:1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000),respectively,with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12％.The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95％CI:2.27/100 000-2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95％ CI:1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males,respectively,whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95％CI:1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000(95％CI:0.79/100 000-0.83/100 000) for females.The crude andASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95％CI:2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95％CI:1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000)in urban areas,respectively,whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95％CI:1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000)and 0.78/100 000 (95％ CI:0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas.Conclusions Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low,in China.However,the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased.Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.
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Objective@#To investigate the incidence and survival of esophageal cancer with different histological types and to understand the incidence trend and burden of esophageal cancer in Linzhou during 2003-2012.@*Methods@#All incidence records of esophageal cancer and population reported were collected from Linzhou Cancer Registry during 2003-2012. Incidence rate was calculated using gender and histological types. Age standardized incidence rate was calculated according to world Segi's population and Chinese census data in 2000. Age standardized incidence rate by world population between 2003 and 2012 was analyzed with JoinPoint regression model and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated. 5-year survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier model.@*Results@#There were 8 229 esophageal cancer cases in Linzhou during 2003-2012. The average annual incidence rate was 80.08/100 000 (8 229/10 276 481). Among all esophageal cancer cases, 7 019 (85.3%) were diagnosed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In Linzhou, the age standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by world standard population was 80.92/100 000 and 81.85/100 000 in 2003, 67.97/100 000 and 68.63/100 000 in 2012. JoinPoint regression model showed that EAPC was-12.9% (95%CI:-16.4%--9.1%) for other and unspecified histological type between 2003 and 2012. The EAPC was-5.5% (95%CI:-9.2%--1.6%) for esophageal cancer between 2007 and 2012,-5.4% (95%CI:-7.0%--3.9%) for esophageal cancer in female between 2006 and 2012,-4.9% (95%CI:-9.5%--0.1%) for ESCC between 2007 and 2012. The 5-year prevalence of esophageal cancer was 215.49 per 100 000 (2 337/1 084 493), and 5 489 died within 5 years after incidence. 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer was 34.6% (95%CI: 33.5%-35.6%).@*Conclusion@#Esophageal cancer had a decreasing trend in Linzhou. The survival rate was increasing. But, esophageal cancer was still a major burden in Linzhou. The major histological type was ESCC. ESCC had a similar decreasing trend with esophageal cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between obesity and the risk of lung cancer and evaluate a dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and incidence risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic literature search for BMI and incidence risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population, as well as through the reference lists of retrieved articles. The literature databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar. Time range was from the founding of each database to September 2014 and a total of 93 research papers were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled odds ratio and corresponding 95% CI. Generalized least-squares regression methods were used to make a dose-response meta-analysis between BMI and incidence risk of lung cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a number of 2 351 lung cancer cases. Results showed that obesity was inversely associated with lung cancer incidence (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59-0.79) (heterogeneity test: I² = 0, P = 0.594). The association did not change with stratification by study design, sex, smoking status, BMI measurement method and study population. A linear dose-response association between BMI and risk of lung cancer was visually significant, and lung cancer risk would be reduced 21% for per 5 kg/m² BMI increase (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89) (heterogeneity test: q = 22.43, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this meta-analysis indicated that higher BMI was a protective factor against lung cancer, but smoking may play a stronger role as a confounding factor for the most important role with lung cancer incidence.</p>
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Humans , Asian People , Body Mass Index , China , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms , Obesity , Odds Ratio , Protective Factors , Risk , SmokingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the results of endoscopic screening of esophageal, gastric cardiac and gastric cancers in the high-risk population, and analyze the influencing factors such as age, gender and biopsy rate on their detection and early diagnosis rates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine high incidence cities and counties of esophageal cancer in Henan province were included in this study. People aged 40-69 years were set to the target population. Excluding contraindications for gastroscopy, in accordance with the national technical scheme of early cancer diagnosis and treatment, gastroscopic screening and biopsy pathology for human esophageal, cardiac and gastric cancers were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the 3-year period, a total of 40 156 subjects were screened. Among them, 18 459 cases of various precancerous lesions (46.0%) were detected. The cancer detection rate was 2.3% (916 cases), including 763 cases of early cancers. The diagnosis rate of early cancers was 83.3%. Precancerous lesions were detected in 9297 cases (23.2%) for esophagus and 9162 cases (22.8%) for gastric cardia as well as stomach, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study demonstrate that endoscopic screening is feasible for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal, gastric cardia and gastric cancers among high risk population in high incidence area. Exploration analysis of relevant affecting factors may help to further improve the screening project for early diagnosis and treatment of those cancers.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Distribution , Biopsy , Cardia , China , Early Detection of Cancer , Esophageal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Gastroscopy , Mass Screening , Precancerous Conditions , Diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms , DiagnosisABSTRACT
The cluster sampling method was used and a retrospective survey on mortality trends of cerebrovascular diseases from 1989 to 2008 was conducted among residents from Erqi District in Zhengzhou city and Xigong District in Luoyang city. The average mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases in these two districts was 69. 5/100 000 in 1989 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for men was 118. 67/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 44. 23/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for women was 68.21/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 30. 2/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The declining trends of cerebrovascular disease mortality rates might be related to early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, and the extensive health education and prevention programs.
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Objective: To analyze the survival rate of stomach cancer patients and its variation during different periods in Linzhou city, Henan Province, from 1988 to 2004, and evaluate the level of secondary prevention and diagnosis of stomach cancer in this area. Methods: All of the incidence and death records of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2004 were collected and matched from Linzhou Cancer Registry. The records that were identified as duplicate cases or had only death certificate (DCO) were excluded. The tumor cause eliminated life tables in this area were calculated and linked to the data of incidence and death of stomach cancer. FivE-year observed survival rates and fivE-year relative survival rates in three periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004) were calculated using period survival analysis mehod. The relative survival curves in the three periods were plotted. Results:The 5-year relative survival rate of stomach cancer was 26.66% during 1990-1994, 32.01% during 1995-1999, and 40.43% during 2000-2004 in Linzhou city. It showed a gradually increasing trend. The 5-year survival rates were higher in males than those in females. During 1990-1994 and 1995-1999, the 5-year survival rates of gastric cardia cancer were higher than those of non-cardia cancer. During 2000-2004 period, the 5-year survival rate of gastric cardia cancer was lower than that of non-cardia cancer. Conclusion: The survival rates of stomach cancer in Linzhou city are increasing gradually since 1990s in 20 century. It indicates that the levels of secondary prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment on stomach cancer kept increasing in this area.
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Background and purpose:Henan is a big agricultural province and the high mortality rate of digestive system cancer threatened the life and the health of the people.In order to make some good strategies,we investigated the mortality rate and characteristic distribution of digestive system cancer in Henan province. Methods :The mortality and age-standardized mortality rate from 1987 to 2006 in Henan province were analyzed by using the data from registration system of all causes of death from 1/10 population in Henan province. Results :The crude mortality rate of digestive system cancer from 1987 to 2006 in Henan province was 81.95/10 5,and the age-standardized mortality in Chinese standard population was 71.31/10 5,which accounted for 71.29% of all cancers.The mortality rates,age-standardized mortality in male was 101.17/10 5 and 94.81/10 5 respectively,compared to 61.58/10 5 and 49.28/10 5 respectively in female.The foremost four in rank of the digestive system cancer were gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and intestinal cancer.The mortality of digestive system cancer has descended in the recent twenty years.Comparing in 1987 and in 2006,the age-standardized mortality rates of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer had decreased significantly from 30.38/10 5 to 21.27/10 5 and from 34.12/10 5 to 15.70/10 5 respectively.The death rate of intestinal cancer remained constant.But age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer had increased significantly from 12.45/10 5 in 1987 to 18.26/10 5 in 2006. Conclusions :The distribution of death rate of digestive system cancer had changed greatly,so the prevention measures have to be changed accordingly.