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Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition and probiotics on inflammatory factors and immune function in aplastic anemia (AA) rats.Methods AA rats model were established by intraperitoneal injection of fluorouracil and lavage Maryland,and the successful AA rats model were randomly divided into model group,enteral nutrition group,probiotics group and combination group,10 rats in each group.Another 10 Wistar rats were selected as blank group.Rats in the blank group and model group were given saline lavage (same volume 0.9％ NaC1),rats in the enteral nutrition group were given Peptisorb nutrient solution [10 g/(kg· d)] by lavage,rats in the probiotics group were given live Clostridium butyricum [2 g/(kg · d)] by lavage,and rats in the combination group were given Peptisorb nutrient solution [10 g/(kg · d)] and live Clostridium butyricum [2 g/(kg · d)] by lavage for 4 weeks.The pathological structure of the bone marrow were observed by HE staining,the contents of white blood cells (WBC),red blood cell (RBC),platelet (PLT) and hemoglobin (Hb) in blood cell were detected by analyzer,the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) were detected by ELISA method,and the contents of CD4+,CD8+ and NKT cells were detected by flow cytometry instrument.Results The contents of WBC,RBC,PLT and Hb in the model group were significantly lower than that in the blank group,the contents of WBC,RBC,PLT and Hb in enteral nutrition group,probiotics group and combination group were significantly higher than that in the model group,and the combination group was better than the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group (P＜0.05),but the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group had no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The level of TNF-o and IL-2 were significantly higher and the IL-11 level was significantly lower in the model group than in the blank group,the level of TNF-α and IL-2 were significantly lower and IL-11 level were significantly higher in the enteral nutrition group,probiotics group and combination group than in the model group,and the combination group was better than the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group (P＜0.05),but the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group had no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The contents of CD4+ and NKT cells were significantly lower and the CD8+ cells was significantly higher in the model group than in the blank group,the level of CD4+ and NKT cells were significantly higher and CD8+ cells were significantly lower in enteral nutrition group,probiotics group and combination group than in the model group,and the combination group was better than the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group (P＜0.05),but the enteral nutrition group and probiotics group had no statistically significant difference (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with normal consumption or oral glucose,the enteral nutrition combined with probiotics can reduce inflammatory response and improve bone marrow hematopoietic function and immune function in AA rats.
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Objective To evaluate quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) measurement of culprit vessel fixed stenosis in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) emergency interventional thrombus aspiration.Methods One hundred and sixty-fore cases of STEMI patients accepting emergency interventional operation and thrombus aspiration treatment were choosed from September 2012 to October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Thrombus Aspiration measuring vessel was carried after criminals using fixed stenosis rate QCA methods.Results The vascular stenosis rate was more than 50％ in 69.5％ of the male patients,vascular stenosis rate was more than 70％ in 40.2％ of the female patients,the anterior descending branch of the rami anterior descendens(LAD) (54.75％ ± 29.72％,n=76),Left circumflex artery (LCX) (55.25％ ± 32.23％,n =20),arteriae coronaria dextra (RCA) (56.40％ ± 29.76％,n =68).There was no difference between LAD,LCX and RCA (F=6.036,0.955,0.055;P＞0.05).Conclusion The most majority of serious vascular stenosis patients have acute STEMI.
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Objective To determine the protective effects and potential mechanism of activating retinoid X receptor (RXR) on rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced oxidative injury.Methods The model of H-/R injury was established with hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours in cardiomyocytes of H9c2,and 9-cis-retinoic acid (c-RA) was obtained as RXR agonist,and HX531 as RXR antagonist.Cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly (random number) divided into four groups:sham group,H/R group,H/R + c-RA-pretreated group (100 nmol/L c-RA) and H/R +c-RA + HX531-pretreated group (2.5 μmol/L HX531).We measured the cell viability by MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium),apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes by using flow cytometry,and mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 fluorescent probe,protein levels of Bcl-2,Bax and cleaved Caspase-9 with Western blot.All measurement data were expressed as (-x ± s),and statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Dunnett-t test.Differences were considered significant when P ＜ 0.05.Results Pretreatment with RXR agonist enhanced cell viability,reduced apoptosis ratio,stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential.Dot blotting experiments demonstrated that under H/R stress conditions,Bcl-2 protein level decreased,while Bax and cleaved Caspase-9 increased.The c-RA administration prior to H/R stress prevented these effects,however,overall protective effects of activating RXR on rat cardiomyocytes against H/R induced oxidative injury were abolished when pretreated with RXR pan-antagonist HX531.Conclusions Activating RXR has the protective effects against H/R injury in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 through attenuation of mitochondria apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effect of 9-cis retinoid acid(c-RA),a retinoid X receptor(RXR)agonist,on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced apoptosis in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyoeytes,and to explore the mechanism.Method Cultured cardiomyocpes were randomly divided into three groups:normal group treated with vehicle(N group),H2O2 group treated with 100 μmol/L H2O2(H group),and c-RA group pretreated with 100nmol/L c-RA(H+R group).Cell viability was detected by MTT.Morphological changes of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining under fluorescence microscope.The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry.Mitochondrial membrane potential(△(ψ)m)was measured by JC-1 dye.Cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was detected by CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe.All measurement data wIe expressed as(x±s),and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis and Dunnett test.Differences were considered significant when P was＜0.05.Results Treatment with c-RA significantly enhanced cell viability,reduced apoptosis ratio,stabled mitoehondrial membrane potential and reduced level of cellular reactive oxygen species.Conclusions RXR agonist c-RA inhibits H2O2-induced myocyte apoptosis in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes,which may be related to alleviate oxidative stress injury.