Effects of dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide by regulating SIGIRR/NF-kB signaling / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) in rats and its mechanism. Methods The experiment included normal control group (Control) , DEX control group (DEX) , LPS-in-duced acute lung injury group (LPS) and LPS + DEX treatment group ( LPS + DEX ). Twenty-four hours after the successful modelling, the wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D) of the lung tissues of each group and the content of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 (3, TNF-a and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) were measured; Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues; im- munohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of SIGIRR and NF-kB in lung tissues. Results Compared with control group, the levels of IL-1 (3, IL-6 and TNF-a in lung tissues of LPS group and BALF increased (P <0. 01). The lung tis sues showed obvious pathological damage of ALI, and the expression of SIGIRR was reduced ( P < 0. 01), the expression of phosphorylation activation of NF-kB increased (P <0. 01). Compared with LPS group, the W/D of lung tissues in LPS + DEX group and IL-1 [}, IL- in BALF 6 and TNF-a content were reduced (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 ) . The pathological damage of lung tissues was significantly reduced, SIGIRR expression increased, and the activation of NF-kB phosphorylation decreased (P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine can reduce SIGIRR degradation, inhibit the activation of NF-kB and reduce the inflammation, thereby reducing the acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.

Research advances in natural products targeting diabetic pancreas β cells / 中草药

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and dysfunctional pancreatic β cells. The degree of pancreatic β cells dysfunction is positive correlated with the progression of T2DM; Moreover, existing clinical therapeutic drugs for T2DM are unable to prevent β cell dysfunction. Thus, intervention against dysfunctional pancreatic β cells might be a useful therapeutic strategy to remit even cure T2DM. This article summarizes the research progress on natural products targeting pancreatic β cells for diabetic treatment, with view to providing the reference for the research and development of related drugs.

Chemical Constituents from the Ethyl Acetate Parts of the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. METHODS: Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography with silicagel, Sephadex LH - 20, and semi-preparative HPLC. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Their structures were elucidated as hirsutrin (1), contigoside B (2), kaempferol (3), sterubin (4), syringic acid (5), vanillic acid (6), 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxybenzoic acid (7), 2-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (9), p-hydroxybenzonic acid (10), and phydroxybenzaldehyde (11). CONCLUSION: All the compounds except 3 and 6 are obtained from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.

Chemical constituents from Hylocereus undatus peels / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Hylocereus undatus cv.Vietnam peels.METHODS The ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol fractions of 95％ ethanol extract of H.undatus peels were isolated and purified by silica,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as typhaneoside (1),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2),quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (3),isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glycopyranoside (4),3'-O-methylquercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),benzyl alcohol-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),physcion (7),resveratrol (8),adenosine (9),uridine (10),2-methyl-3-(3 '-indolyl)-propionic acid (11),α-spinasterol (12),β-sitosterol (13).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Relationship between efficacy exertion of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines and aquaporin / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, the discovery and studies on aquaporin have made us have a more in-depth understanding about the physiological and pathological processes of water metabolism. Over years, however, there has been no quantitative study on the target sites of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines at the molecular level. In that case, aquaporin was found to been a new target molecule to explain the efficacy exertion of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines. By studying aquaporin, researchers can understand the implicit meaning of the diuretic effect of traditional Chinese medicines and conduct quantitative studies on the diuretic effect. So far, many scholars have conducted a series of studies in the traditional Chinese medicine field by using the findings on aquaporin and made certain advances. This article provides a summary about the efficacy exertion of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines through target molecule aquaporin.

Advances in studies on Chinese materia medica for treatment of ulcerative colitis based on NF-κB signal pathway / 中草药

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing condition of the intestinal inflammation of unknown etiology and remains one of the most intractable gastrointestinal diseases, impairing quality of life and carrying a high risk of colorectal cancer in patients with UC. Currently, aminosalicylic acid, steroid hormone, and immunosuppressor are the main drugs for treating UC. However, all of them can not cure UC once and for all. In recent years, many scholars attempted to find new drugs in the extracts and active compounds from herbs for the prevention and treatment of UC. The paper summarized the status of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway of UC, and those anti-inflammation Chinese materia medica regarded proteins and enzymes of NF-κB pathway as targets.

Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Phytolaccae Radix / 中草药

Phytolaccae Radix, including Phytolacca acinosa and P. Americana, is recorded by Chinese Pharmacopoeia for its important medicinal property. The most characteristic chemical constituents of Phytolaccae Radix are triterpenoid saponins, and there are also flavone, phenolic acid, sterol, and polysaccharides in it. Phytolaccae Radix has various pharmacological activities, such as diuretic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammation, anticancer effects, and so on, and it is usually used to treat hepatitis B, psoriasis, irritability, and so on. In this paper, we summarize the chemical composition, pharmacyological action, and clinical curative effect of Phytolaccae Radix to prompt the development and utilization of them.

Effect of periodontal initial therapy on teeth with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of subgingival scaling/root planning (SRP) and occlusal adjustment on clinical and occlusal parameters in teeth with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis and occlusal trauma were included and randomly divided into group A and group B. On day 0, group A was treated by full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planning, and group B was treated by occlusal adjustment in occlusal trauma site. On day 28, group A was treated by occlusal adjustment in occlusal trauma site, and group B was treated by full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planning. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI) were evaluated on 0, 28 and 56 d, and the occlusal time (OT) and the percentage of occlusal force were evaluated on 0, 28 and 56 d in occlusal trauma site. The data was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In baseline, the PD[(4.42 ± 1.41) mm vs (4.36 ± 1.38) mm], AL [(2.75 ± 1.32) mm vs (2.63 ± 1.37) mm] and BI [(2.20 ± 0.81) vs (2.24 ± 0.89)] of the full-mouth showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in PD [(5.21 ± 1.21) mm vs (5.08 ± 1.12) mm], AL [(4.94 ± 1.47) mm vs (4.89 ± 1.32) mm], BI [(2.61 ± 0.92) vs 2.50 ± 0.79)], OT [(1.29 ± 0.39) s vs (1.34 ± 0.35) s] and the percentage of occlusal force [(6.8 ± 2.1)% vs (7.4 ± 1.7)%] in occlusal trauma site between the two groups(P > 0.05). After SRP therapy, the PD,AL,BI and OT were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).The clinical parameters exhibited no significant difference after only occlusal adjustment(P > 0.05).On 56 d, the reduction in clinical parameters was not significantly different between the two groups(P > 0.05),however the reduction of OT and the change of the percentage of occlusal force in group A [(0.85 ± 0.41) s, (2.2 ± 2.2)%] were more significant than those in group B [(0.70 ± 0.38) s; (1.5 ± 1.6)%] (P < 0.05). After occlusal adjustment, the increase of OT in group A [(0.21 ± 0.11) s] was lower than that in group B [(0.67 ± 0.37) s]through the 28-day observation period (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Occlusal adjustment alone is inadequate for control and management of periodontitis.SRP therapy can eliminate the inflammation and decrease the OT of tooth with occlusal trauma.The combination of SRP and occlusal adjustment may achieve more stable results.</p>

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human PDLSC were cultured in vitro using tissue culture method.The cells were cultured and incubated with various concentrations of FGF-2 and VEGF [A:α-MEM with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (control 1); B:A supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; C:A supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; D:A supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF; E:α-MEM with 10% FBS (control 2); F:E supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; G:E supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; H:E supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF]. Soluble tetrazolium salts assay was used to evaluate the proliferative capacity on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th d. Then the groups were changed according to result of the proliferation assay (control:α-MEM with 2% FBS; FGF-2 group:control supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; VEGF:control supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; Combination group:control supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF). The cell cycle, migration and adhesion capacities were evaluated using flow cytometer, soluble tetrazolium salts assay, cell adhesion assay and scratch wound-healing motility assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 2% volume fraction serum containing medium, FGF-2 and VEGF did not stimulate the cell proliferation. However, in 10% serum condition, in groups treated with FGF-2 for 3,5 or 7 d, the A value was (1.22 ± 0.17, 2.15 ± 0.19, 2.72 ± 0.11) respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.76 ± 0.16, 1.25 ± 0.06, 1.64 ± 0.09) (P < 0.01) while lower than that in the group treated with FGF-2 and VEGF in combination on the 5 th and 7 th d (2.46 ± 0.17, 3.18 ± 0.27) ( P < 0.05). The A value in the VEGF group on the 5 th and 7 th d is higher than the control group while lower than the FGF-2 group (1.66 ± 0.05, 2.13 ± 0.13) (P < 0.05). Flow cytometer showed that the proliferation index in VEGF group [(34.3 ± 2.0)% ] were significantly lower than those in FGF-2 [(46.8 ± 3.2)%] group and (FGF-2+ VEGF) group [(45.0 ± 4.0)%] but higher than in the control group [(14.5 ± 1.7)%] (P < 0.01). The cell migration assay indicated that the group stimulated with FGF-2 showed no migration promoted effect. Cell adhesion assay showed that the ratio of the adhesive cells number to the original cells number is greater in the FGF-2 group (79 ± 4) than in the VEGF group (62 ± 4) (P < 0.05). Light microscope identified a better cellular morphology on the adhesive surface in the group with FGF-2 than groups without FGF-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both FGF-2 and VEGF could simulate the proliferation of PDLSC in a dose dependent manner, and showed an synergistic effect. FGF-2 was more effective to promote the adhesive capacity of PDLSC compared with VEGF. VEGF could facilitate the migration of PDLSC to the wound side.</p>

Controlled clinical trials on different surgical methods for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical effects of clavicular hook plate fixation, coracoid transplantation, and clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer for the treatment of the complete acromioclavicular dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to November 2009, 65 patients with sustained complete acrominoclavicular dislocation were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation, coracoid transplantation,and clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer. All the patients were divided into three groups: 22 patients in group A were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation, including 17 males and 5 females, with an average age of (31.0 +/- 10.0) years; 21 patient in group B were treated with coracoid transplantation, including 16 males and 5 females,with an average age of (33.0 +/- 6.4) years; 22 patients in group C were treated with clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer,including 18 males and 4 females, with an average age of (30.0 +/- 5.3) years. Postoperative functional recovery was evaluated by Karlsson criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from half to three years (averaged 1.5 years). In group A, 8 patients got half re-dislocation, 2 patients got complete re-dislocation and arthritis of acromioclavicular joint after internal fixations removal, 1 patient had clavicular hook plate broken after operation. In group B, 7 patients got half re-dislocation, 1 patient got complete re-dislocation,and 5 patients had arthritis of acromioclavicular joint with acute pain and limited shoulder function after internal fixations removal. In group C,2 patients got half re-dislocation, no complete re-dislocation and arthritis of acromioclavicular joint occurred after internal fixations removal. According to Karlsson evaluation, in group A, 12 patients obtained an excellent result, 8 good and 2 poor; in group B, the data were 9, 7 and 5 respectively; in group C, they were 20, 2 and 0 respectively. There were remarkable differences of therapeutic effects between the clavicular hook plate fixation combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer and that with either of the former two treatment methods (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clavicular hook plate combined with modified dynamic muscle transfer is a reliable and good treatment for the complete acrominoclavicular dislocation, with advantages such as easy to handle,stable fixation and early exercise.</p>

The design and enzymatic hydrolysis of activatable cell-penetrating peptide / 药学学报

The paper is aimed to study the enzymatic hydrolysis of the activatable cell-penetrating peptide (ACPP) that was designed and synthesized. The ACPP was composed of three parts, polyanionic sequence peptide, peptide sequence that specifically cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cell penetrating peptide (CPP). The ACPP was hydrolyzed by type IV collagenase (MMP-2/9) under the condition of 37 degrees C and was monitored by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The efflux of peak was collected and detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization orthogonal time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDIO-TOF-MS) to speculate the sequences of the peptide fragments. The results indicated that the ACPP could be cleaved by type IV collagenase at target site as predicted, released CPP. The half life of the cleavage was about 4 h. Meanwhile, the peptide fragments may be cleaved again at other sites by type IV collagenase.

Effect of continuous passive motion on basic fibroblast growth factor expression during tendon-bone repair after surgical repair of acute rupture of the supraspinatus tendon in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) expression during tendon-bone repair in rabbits and explore the role of stress in the postoperative repair after acute rotator cuff injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen rabbits randomized into CPM group (n=8) and non-CPM group (n=8) were subjected to surgically induced acute rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and subsequent surgical repair, with another two rabbits serving as the control. Two weeks after the operation, the rabbits in CPM group underwent CPM training, and those in non-CPM group were normally fed only. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the operation, 2 rabbits from each group were sacrificed and the tissue samples were obtained for detecting the changes in b-FGF expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two weeks after the operation, b-FGF expression was detected in both groups, and the CPM group showed slightly higher and more diffusive expression. At 4 weeks, b-FGF expression was significantly higher and distributed over a greater area in CPM group and in the non-CPM group. A large number of fibroblasts positive for b-FGF expression were identified in CPM group, aligning in parallel with the tendon membrane. At 6 weeks, b-FGF in the CPM group showed no obvious changes but that in the non-CPM group became lightened. At 8 weeks, b-FGF expression was reduced in both groups, which was more obvious in the non-CPM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CPM can promote b-FGF expression to enhance type III collagen synthesis at the tendon-bone interface in early stage of tendon-bone repair following acute rupture of supraspinatus tendon in rabbits, thereby contributing to tendon-bone recovery after rotator cuff injury.</p>

A preliminary research on wireless distribution and tele-diagnosis of medical images using a smart phone / 中国医疗器械杂志

A mini wireless PACS has been built with the client/sever method, the smart phone is selected as an image workstation. By embedding the third party's software in the smart phone, the medical image can be viewed, listed and processed on the phone. Without changing its hardware, the system can fulfill tele-diagnosis by wireless communication.

Construction and research for a web-based economic PACS / 中国医疗器械杂志

A Java program known as the Applet Viewer is embedded in the browser of the client PC to access the web server which connects with DICOM server. The images can be viewed, queried and diagnosed remotely with the browser.

Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin alginate microspheres and evaluation of its hepatic arterial embolization in vivo / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin alginate microspheres (DOX-AM) in vivo after hepatic arterial embolization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>China miniature pigs were chosen as the experimental animals. Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with DOX-AM (experimental group), lipiodol and DOX (DOX-lipiodol, control group 1), and infusion with DOX (control group 2) were performed after angiography and superselection of an intrahepatic branch of hepatic artery. After chemoembolization or infusion, the blood was collected at different time intervals. Drug concentration in plasma was measured by HLPC and the parameters of pharmacokinetics were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The values of T1/2, AUC, Cmax, and MRT of the DOX-AM were significantly different from those of control group 1 and control group 2. After embolization, the DOX-AM embolized in the vessel and still retained there at 8 weeks. The digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) and computerized tomography (CT) showed the reliable embolization results. The histological examination indicated that the liver damnifications were changed transitorily in all groups (P < 0.05) and were recovered within two weeks. The liver damnifications increased in following order: DOX < DOX-AM < DOX-lipiodol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DOX-AM showed definite property of delayed release of drug in liver, and increased the retention time and concentration of DOX after embolization in vivo.</p>

Comparison between intra-operative fine needle aspiration cytology and rapid histopathologic examination of a pancreatic mass / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value in diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology and rapid histopathologic examination during operation of a pancreatic mass.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both fine needle aspiration cytology and rapid histopathologic examination were performed during the operation of 56 patients with pancreatic mass.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative cytologic examination were 94.6%, 95.3% and 92.3%, as compared with 92.9%, 90.7% and 100% in rapid paraffin section intraoperative examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fine needle aspiration is rapid, practical and safe. It is able to improve the diagnosis, pathologic grade and histological origin of pancreatic tumor when combined with rapid histopathologic examination.</p>