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AIM: To evaluate the influence of slight eye movement during laser scanning on femtosecond laser precision of corneal ablation and postoperative refractive status in small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE). METHODS: Totally 32 patients(62 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2021 were included and divided into the movement group and the fixation group according to whether the eyeballs were slightly moved during the operation, and select patients with slightly moved monocular eyeballs for binocular pairing. The actual difference of absolute value of corneal absolute cutting error(ACE), astigmatism error(AE), absolute refractive error(ARE)and absolute visual error(AVE)was compared between the movement group and the fixation group and the two eyes of the patients with slight ocular movement in one eye at 1mo after surgery, and the surgical images were quantified to analyze the correlation between the amplitude of ocular movement and AE, and to compare the effects of the area, layer and direction of slight eye movement on ACE.RESULTS: There were no differences in all observed results between movement group and fixation group(P>0.05). Patients with slight movement of one eye had a difference in binocular AE(0.57±0.31D vs 0.33±0.27D, P<0.05), and the amplitude of movement was positively correlated with AE at 1mo after surgery(r=0.564, P<0.05). There was no statistical differences in ACE at 1mo after surgery in patients with slight ocular movement in different regions(central/peripheral), layers(upper/lower lens)and direction(nasal/temporal)(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The slight eye movement during laser scanning in SMILE has no significant influence on precision of corneal ablation. It mainly causes decentered ablation and the changes of corneal astigmatism, which has little effect on the spherical equivalent and visual acuity.
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Objective To investigate the changes in electroretinography (ERG) and ultrastructure of the retina after experimental vitreous hemorrhage in different phases in rabbits so as to provide experimental evidence for the treatment and prognosis.Methods The autologous blood of 0.2 mL was intravitreally injected in the right eyes of 32 New Zealand white rabbits for the establishment of vitreous hemorrhage model,with the left eyes as controls.All rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups,and one group was selected on day 3,7,14 and 30 after injection for routine examination and Flash ERG.The rabbits were sacrificed for obtaining the specimens of eyeballs,which were used to observe the ultrastmcture of retina.Results The ERG waves,which become undetectable after experimental vitreous hemorrhage,and gradually appeared 7 days later.The amplitudes of ERG-a waves and b waves of the experimental eyes both were significantly lower than those of the control groups 3 days after injection in brightflash light conditions (both P ＜ 0.01).The ERG-a waves recovered 30 days after injection,which showed no significant difference from the control group (P ＞ 0.05),but had a statistically significant difference when compared with those on day 14 (P ＜ 0.05).The ERG-b waves began to rise 7 days after injection,which has no significant difference from the control group (P ＞ 0.05),but statistically significant difference when compared with those on day 3 (P ＜0.05),and were close to the normal amplitude on day 14 and day 30 after injection.Scanning electron microscopy results showed that no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was appeared 3 days after injection,but the partial PVD appeared in 1 of the 8 eyes,complete PVD in 1 of 8 eyes on day 7;partial PVD in 2 of 8 eyes and complete PVD in 5 of 8 eyes on day 14;partial PVD in 1 of 8 eyes and complete PVD in 7 of 8 eyes on day 30.No PVD was observed at each stage in the control eyes.Conclusion Approximately 1 week after vitreous hemorrhage,retinal function is mildly and reversibly involved,and PVD formation appears,which can provide a reference for judgment on the changes in retinal function after clinical and experimental vitreous hemorrhage and selection of time window for clinical vitreous surgery.
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Objective To clarify the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the selection of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas for cataract and glaucoma surgery in order to provide reference for avoiding refractive error (RE) in clinical.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients (80 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataract undergoing combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in our department were enrolled from May 2015 to April 2017.The subjects were divided into normal IOP (10-21 mmHg,1 kPa =7.5 mmHg,n =28) and high IOP group (＞ 21 mm-Hg,n =52) based on preoperative mean IOP.Then the differences between the postoperative actual spherical equivalence (PASE) measured 3 months after operation and the predicted preoperative spherical equivalence (PPSE) of 4 kinds of IOL calculation formulas by IOL Master (SRK/T,Holladayl,Hoffer Q,and Haigis) were compared so as to evaluate the effects of IOP on the postoperative absolute refractive error (ARE) and refractive error (RE) of IOL formulas.Results The postoperative IOP for 3 months of all patients was significantly lower than that of preoperative data(t =9.96,P =0.000),and the decrease level was positively correlated with preoperative mean IOP (r =0.974,P =0.000).There were significant differences in the median ARE from SRK/T,Holladayl,Hoffer Q and Haigis formula in the normal and high IOP groups (P =0.008,0.004),while there was no significant difference in RE (RE ＞ 0) from SRK/T,Holladayl,Hoffer Q and Haigis formulas between the two groups (P =0.633,0.422).In the normal IOP group,there was significant difference in RE (RE ＜ 0) from the four formulas (P =0.000),and LSD comparison showed that the SRK/T formula had the smallest RE (all P＜0.01),and Haigis formula had the largest RE than the other formulas (all P ＜ 0.05).In the high IOP group,there was significant difference in RE (RE ＜ 0) from the four formulas (P =0.000),and LSD comparison showed that the Hoffer Q formula had the smallest RE (all P ＜ 0.01),and there was no significant difference in RE from other formulas (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Combination of cataract and glaucoma surgery can improve visual acuity and intraocular pressure in patients,and the decreased level of postoperative IOP is positively correlated with preoperative mean IOP.As for calculation of the degree of IOL,the SRK/T formula shows a good accuracy when preoperative mean IOP is normal,and Hoffer Q formula should be chosen for patients with high preoperative mean IOP.
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Objective To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD), and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens’ colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated. Results The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25 ± 1.14 and 25.71% (18/70). The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14 ± 3.23. Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA, serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P < 0.01). The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD. Conclusions The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.
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This study was aimed to build a new photo-sensitive co-delivery liposomes which combine photodynamic therapy with chemotherapy to reverse drug resistance of breast cancer. Photodynamic photosen-sitizer chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (Ce6tM) and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were loaded into the liposomes (liposomes loaded with Ce6tM and DOX, CDL) by thin-film hydration extrusion and ammonium sulfate active loading methods. CDL was characterized with cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), dynamic light scattering particle size, zeta potentials and photo-sensitive DOX release behaviors in vitro. CDL cytotoxicity, singlet oxygen production, DOX accumulation, intracellular ATP level and cell cycle analysis in MCF7/ADR cells were evaluated. Finally, the tissue distribution of DOX and antitumor effects of CDL in BALB/c-nu nude mice bearing MCF7/ADR tumor were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of obtained CDL was 90.7 ± 1.1 nm and distributed uniformly. CDL possessed outstanding properties of photo-sensitive drug release profile. The accumulated release of DOX reached (96.52 ± 0.11)% in 2 min under 671 nm laser irradiation (2 W·cm-2). Interestingly, DOX in CDL could maintain rapid release after 671 nm laser irradiation with low power and short time (15 s, 0.25 W·cm-2). This phenomenon was caused by oxidation of unsaturated phospholipids in CDL under 671 nm laser irradiation and had nothing to do with the slightly elevated temperature. Photo-sensitive drug release behavior contributed to increased DOX accumulation in MCF7/ADR cells. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DOX in CDL laser group in MCF7/ADR cells was decreased by 601.9-fold compared with no laser group, which could be related to increased accumulation of DOX, decreased ATP levels and cell cycle arrest in MCF7/ADR cells. With the help of CDL, DOX accumulation in tumor was increased and in cardiac toxicity was reduced in vivo. CDL laser group showed a good anti-tumor effect. The tumor inhibition rate was (94.7 ± 6.2)%. These results suggest that CDL has a promising potential in reversing drug resistance of breast cancer.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD), and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer.@*METHODS@#The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated.@*RESULTS@#The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25 ± 1.14 and 25.71% (18/70). The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14 ± 3.23. Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA, serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P < 0.01). The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.
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Vitreous liquefaction is an age-related degenerative change,which will further alter the physicochemical properties of the vitreous and its surrounding tissues,resulting in various related eye diseases.The principal pathologic changes of that are the gradual depletion of hyaluronic acid and the collapse of collagen fibrillar network,with a series of biomechanical changes in vitreous body.This article reviews biomechanical properties of normal vitreous,the current measurements of these properties,formation mechanism and changes of biomechanics properties of vitreous liquefaction and correlation between synchesis and related ocular diseases,which provide insight into the ideas for the effective reduction and treatment of vitreous liquefaction.
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Objective: To study the expression of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microlymphatic vessel density (LMVD), and to investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of caveolin-1 and LMVD in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The expression of caveolin-1 and LMVD in 45 specimens of normal colorectal tissues, and 90 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the association between the laboratory indices and overall survival time. Results: The positive rates of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.01). LMVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.01). Mean LMVD in group with caveolin-1 positive was significantly higher than in that with caveolin-1 negative. The median survival time was 26.7 months. Cox regression analysis showed that the caveolin-1 expression, invation depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, liver metastasis and LMVD were independent risk factors of overall survival time of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 may contribute to the lymphangiogenesis in the tumor. During the occurrence and development of colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is a close relationship between the expression of caveolin-1 and lymphatic microvessel of tumor. Caveolin-1 expression and microlymphatic vessel density are significant prognostic value of colorectal carcinoma.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microlymphatic vessel density (LMVD), and to investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of caveolin-1 and LMVD in patients with colorectal cancer.@*METHODS@#The expression of caveolin-1 and LMVD in 45 specimens of normal colorectal tissues, and 90 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the association between the laboratory indices and overall survival time.@*RESULTS@#The positive rates of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.01). LMVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.01). Mean LMVD in group with caveolin-1 positive was significantly higher than in that with caveolin-1 negative. The median survival time was 26.7 months. Cox regression analysis showed that the caveolin-1 expression, invation depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, liver metastasis and LMVD were independent risk factors of overall survival time of patients with colorectal carcinoma.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Caveolin-1 may contribute to the lymphangiogenesis in the tumor. During the occurrence and development of colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is a close relationship between the expression of caveolin-1 and lymphatic microvessel of tumor. Caveolin-1 expression and microlymphatic vessel density are significant prognostic value of colorectal carcinoma.