Continuous and Intermittent Exercise Upregulates PGC-1α/ Irisin / BDNF Expression to Improve Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on prefrontal PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive function in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, which may provide experimental evidence of exercise rehabilitation methods and target screening for obesity. Three-month-old male C57BL/ 6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, high-fat diet, high-fat diet with moderate intensity continuous training, and high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the high-fat diet with moderate intensity continuous training group and the high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training group received 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training after 12-week high-fat feeding. Behavioral results showed that compared with the control group, reaction time of adhesive removal test was significantly increased (P<0. 01), and spontaneous alternation rate in Y-maze test and exploration time in the novel object recognition test were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01) in the high-fat diet group, indicating that high-fat diet led to cognitive dysfunction in mice. Results showed that compared with the control group, Nissl bodies dissolution and apoptosis were significantly increased (P<0. 01), levels of PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, IL-10, and T-SOD were significantly deceased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax/ Bcl-2, ROS, and MDA were significantly increased in the prefrontal lobe (P<0. 01), indicating that high-fat diet induced excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which were conducive to prefrontal lobe damage. Compared with the high-fat diet group, moderate intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training decresed reaction time of adhesive removal test (P<0. 01), increased spontaneous alternation rate of Y-maze test and exploration time of novel object recognition test (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), indicating that both continuous and interval training improved cognitive function in obese mice; meanwhile, Nissl bodies and levels of PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, IL-10, and T-SOD were significantly increased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and apoptosis and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax/ Bcl-2, ROS, and MDA were significantly reduced in the prefrontal lobe (P<0. 01), indicating that both continuous and interval training alleviated obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the prefrontal lobe. Both continuous and interval training significantly upregulated PGC-1α/ Irisin/ BDNF expression in the prefrontal lobe of obese mice, inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced apoptosis, and resulted in alleviating obesity-induced prefrontal lobe damage and cognitive dysfunction; morevover, interval training better than continuous.

The protective effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride on brain tissues of rats with high altitude cerebral edema / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the protective effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride on brain tissues of rats with simulated high altitude cerebral edema(HACE)and its mechanism.Methods The optimal dosage and time of fluoxetine hydrochloride were determined by the hypoxia tolerance test of mice under normal pressure.The rat model of brain edema at high altitude was established by large-scale low-pressure oxygen chamber.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissues in rats.Microplate reader was used to detect the corresponding indexes of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde(MDA)level and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.The expressions of hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4 and SERT were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the hypoxia model group,after the intervention of fluoxetine hydrochloride,the survival time of mice was prolonged,and the middle dose of fluoxetine(14 mg·kg-1)had the best effect,with an extension rate of 17.78%.The pathological damage of brain was improved,the water content of brain decreased,and the permeability of blood-brain barrier decreased.MDA content in rat brain decreased and SOD activity increased.Western blot results showed that HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9,AQP4,SERT protein were significantly down-regulated.Conclusions Fluoxetine has protective effect on rats with brain edema at high altitude,and its mechanism may be related to improving oxidative stress,activating HIF-1α/VEGF/MMP-9 signaling pathway and affecting the expression of SERT protein.SERT may be a potential target for treating brain edema at high altitude.

Distribution and Drug Sensitivity of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Hematological Granulocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens in AL patients with hematological agranulocytosis, so as to provide evidence for the clinical rational use of antibiotics.@*METHODS@#Pathogenic data of 504 hospitalized patients with agranulocytosis caused by nosocomial infection in the Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from May 2015 to May 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed for the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the results of drug susceptibility.@*RESULTS@#The isolated pathogenic bacteria strains amounted to 184, out of which, 168 strains (91.3%) orginated from the patients with acute leukemia, while 16 strains (8.7%) originated from the patients with non-acute leukemia. The positive samples mainly originated from blood stream, the isolated bacteria from which were 81 straims (44%); then originated from sputam and pharynx swabs, from which isolated bacteria amounted to 54 strains (29.3%) and 35 strains (19%) respectively. In the pathogenic bacteria, the Gram-negative bacteria amounted to 126 strains accounting for 68.46%, out of which the most commond bacteria strains were Klebseilla pneumoniae, cscherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the Gram positive bocteria amounted to 23 strains accounting for 12.5%, mainly staphy lococeus anreus, and Staphylococcus epitermidis; the fungi amounted to 35 strains accounting for 19.02%, mainly Candida albicans. The detection rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were 40.0% and 22.2%, respectively. They were 100% sensitive to amikacin and 27.8% resistant to carbapenems. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest sensitivity to amikacin, 94.44% to ampicillin, 97.22% to carbapenems and 100% sensitive to ammonia. Their penicillin-resistance rate was the highest, up to 80%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to the antibiotics (＞80%）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were detected in Gram-positive bacteria. The susceptibility rate of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin and linezolid was 100%, and they were 100% resistant to penicillin.@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens of nosocomial infection in patients with hematological agranulocytosis. Pathogens have different resistance to antimicrobial agents. It is important to know the distribution and susceptibility of common pathogens for rational selection of antimicrobial agents and control of nosocomial infection.

Clinical Analysis of Serum Calcium Level in 86 Cases of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the serum calcium level in 86 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) and its correlation with clinical features.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 86 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in our hospital from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively analyed. Clinical data of sex, age, hemoglobin, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, serum phosphorus, β2-microglobulin, immunophenotyping and disease staging were collected. After the serum calcium level was corrected, the patients were grouped into low serum calcium (2.60 mmol/L). The correlation between the clinical characteristics and the serum calcium level was analysed, the clinical characteristics between the low and non-low calcium group were compared.@*RESULTS@#The number of cases in low, normal and high serum cnlcium groups before correction was 58 (67.4%), 18 (20.9%) and 10 (11.6%) respactively, while the number of cases in 3 group after correction was 34 (39.5%), 36 (41.9%) and 16 (18.6%) respectively. The age, globulin, creatinine, uric acid and serum phosphorus levels were positively correlated with serum calcium level in patients with multiple myeloma, while the sex, hemoglobin,albumin and β2-microglobulin levels did not correlated with serum calcium level. There was significant difference in the age, globulin, creatinine and serum phosphorus between low calcium and non-low calcium group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Multiple myeloma patients suffered from both hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, and the incidence of hypocalcemia is not low. The levels of serum calcium in patients with multiple myeloma correlate with age, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, serum phosphorus level and other factors, thus it is necessary to correct the level of ionized calcium with physiological activity.

Values of Different Prognostical Score Systems in Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the values of 4 prognostic score systems in evaluation of clinical effecacy for patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with imatnib mesylate (IM) and the relationship between 4 prognostic score systems and deep molecular response (MR4.5).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 240 CML-CP patients treated with imatinib mesylate in our hospital between Janunay 2008 and December 2017 were analyzed retrospecively. The risk was stratified according to 4 prognostic score systems, the relationship between the 4 prognostic score systems and 3-month early molecular response (3M-EMR), 6 month complete cytogenetic response (6M-CCyR), 12-month major molecular response (12M-MMR) as well as the correlation of the 4 prognostic score systems with deep molecalar response were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#At the end of treatment for 3 months, the EMR was evaluated for 219 patients, among them 164 (74.9%) patients achieved 3M-EMR; at the end of treatment for 6 months, CCyR was evaluated for 180 pathsents, among them 130 (72.2%) patients achicved 6M-CCyR; at the end of treatment for 12 months, the MMR was evaluated for 111 patients, among them 60 (54.1%) patients achieved 12M-MMR. Compared with the high-risk group, the treatment response to IM in the low-risk group (including the low-risk group and the intermediate-risk group) was better. There was significant difference in 3M-EMR according to Sokal score and ELTS score (P＜0.05), and there was significant difference in 12M-MMR according to EUTOS score and ELTS score (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed Sokal score (HR=0.69, 95%CI：0.22-1.37, P＜0.05) and 3M-EMR (HR=0.47, 95%CI：0.28-0.84, P＜0.01) independently related with MR4.5, The combination of Sokal score, especially the low risk with 3M-EMR much more can predict MR4.5 (HR=0.42, 95%CI=0.21-0.82, P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a remarkable clinical efficacy of imatinib mesylate on CML-CP patients, moreover, low risk group has a better therapeutic response. Both Sokal score and ELTS score evaluate 3M-EMR better, both EUTOS score and ELTS score evaluate 12M-MMR better. The combination of low risk in Sokal score with 3M-EMR much more can predict MR4.5. The results of this study provide the reference basis for evaluating the clinical therapentic efficacy and timely modifying the therapeutic regimens for CML patients, also possess the reference value for predicting the MR4.5.

Longitudinal Changes in Liver Aminotransferases Predict Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Nonviral Hepatitis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study explored the correlation of longitudinal changes in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) based on a dynamic health examination cohort.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A Mets-free dynamic cohort involving 4541 participants who underwent at least three health examinations from 2006 to 2011 was included in the study. Mets was defined according to the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch definition that included hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze multivariate relative risk (RR) of repeated observations of ALT and AST in quartiles for Mets or its components according to gender.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all, 826 Mets cases were reported. Adjustment of relevant parameters indicated that time-varying changes in ALT and AST levels were positively associated with the incidence of Mets in a dose-response manner. Positive association between high ALT levels and fatty liver was much stronger than that between high AST levels and fatty liver, particularly in male participants. These associations were consistently observed in the following subgroups: participants with ALT and AST levels of <40 U/L, participants with of <25 kg/m2, and participants with non-fatty liver. Furthermore, participants with 2 Mets components at baseline showed lower multivariate adjusted RRs of ALT and AST for Mets than participants with 0-1 Mets component.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggested that elevated serum ALT and AST levels were early biomarkers of Mets or its components.</p>

E-cadherin mediates adhesion and endocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus blastospores in human epithelial cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus responsible for the majority of invasive mold infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplantation or with persistent neutropenia. This study aimed to determine the role of E-cadherin for adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores in the human epithelial cell line A549.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A. fumigatus blastospores were incubated with the total protein of A549 to investigate the binding of E-cadherin and blastospores followed by an affinity purification procedure. After establishing the adhesion model, the adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores by A549 cells were evaluated by down-regulating E-cadherin of A549 cells using blocking antibody or small interfering RNA (siRNA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>E-cadherin was adhered to the surface of A. fumigatus blastospore. Adhesion and endocytosis of the blastospores were reduced by blocking or down-regulating E-cadherin in A549 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>E-cadherin is a receptor for adhesion and endocytosis of A. fumigatus blastospores in epithelial cells. This may open a new approach to treat this fungal infection.</p>

Studies on relationship between the expression of hTNF-alpha gene and photosynthesis in Anabaena sp. IB02 / 生物工程学报

The effects of illumination on growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-alpha expression were studied. Photosynthetic activity, PS I and PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02 were assayed. Illumination enhanced the growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-a expression. Some relations were observed between hTNF-alpha expression and ture photosynthesis activity, PS I, PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02. Significant differences of the photosynthetic activity of host were detected simultaneously when hTNF-a expressed: the respiration rate increased (-68%), the light saturation point descended (+66%), all these suggested that the metabolic charge of host were increased and grow faster than wild type under low illumination.