ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscope or flexible ureteroscope combined with balloon dilatation in the treatment of ureteral stricture with renal calculi in transplanted kidney. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 9 patients treated in our hospital during 2016 and 2022 were reviewed. The changes of the width of hydronephrosis, levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, reoperation, and re-dwelling of stents were analyzed. 【Results】 One patient failed the operation because the guide wire could not be inserted, and the other 8 patients successfully completed the surgery. The stents were removed 6 to 8 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up of 8 to 48 months, no recurrence of renal calculi occurred; 5 patients had no recurrence of ureteral stricture; 3 patients (cases 4, 6, 9) underwent regular ureteral stent replacement due to hydronephrosis; the width of hydronephrosis, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of 8 patients were significantly improved (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Ureteroscope/flexible with balloon dilatation is safe and effective in the treatment of transplanted kidney with ureteral stricture and kidney stones.
ABSTRACT
More and more evidence shows that glucose fluctuation,independent of HbA1c,may play a significant role in the risk for diabetes complications.The purpose of this article is to introduce the assessment of glycemic fluctuation in four aspects,such as within-day blood glucose excursions,day-to-day blood glucose excursions,postprandial blood glucose excursions,and the risk of serious hypoglycemia.The indexes for assessment of within-day blood glucose excursions contain standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),time percentage of blood glucose excursions in a certain range,area under the curve or frequency distribution,the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions(LAGE),M-value,and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE);the indexes for assessment of day-to-day blood glucose excursions contain fasting plasma glucose-coefficient variation(FPG-CV),and absolute means of daily differences(MODD);the indexes for assessment of postprandial blood glucose excursions contain mean indices of meal excursions(MIME) and increase area under the curve(IAUC);the indexes for assessment of the risk of serious hypoglycemia contain low blood glucose index(LBGI).Rational choices should be made according to the feature of every index and the aim of assessment in Clinicians.