First successful in vitro culture of autochthonous Leishmania sp. in Sri Lanka.

Since the first autochthonous case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka was reported in 1992 (1) attempts to culture the causative organisms have been unsuccessful. We report the first successful isolation of the local Leishmania sp. by in vitro culture, which would pave the way for species and strain indentification.

Can group A beta haemolytic streptococcal sore throats be identified clinically?

OBJECTIVE: To differentiate the clinical manifestations of a Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal throat infection from viral and other bacterial infections. SETTING: Outpatients' department, Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children aged 3 to 12 years attending with a sore throat. Throat swabs were taken and relevant details were obtained using a questionnaire. They were examined for significant cervical lymphadenopathy and tonsillar exudate. RESULTS: Group A beta haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 61 (44.5%) throat swabs. Clinical differentiation of Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal sore throats was not possible as none of the symptoms or signs were significantly associated with the presence of this organism. CONCLUSIONS: Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal sore throats cannot be identified clinically, so that throat swabs for culture are necessary in children with sore throat. In the absence of this facility, it is reasonable to treat sore throats in children as for beta haemolytic streptococci.