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1.
Rev. nutr ; 24(3): 431-438, maio-jun. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601091

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a incidência de úlcera por pressão com o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional de pacientes internados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado em dois hospitais, totalizando 130 pacientes (idade mediana = 52 (14-85) anos, 77 (59,2 por cento) homens e 53 (40,8 por cento) mulheres), sendo 72 (55,4 por cento) internados para tratamento clínico, 40 (30,8 por cento) para tratamento cirúrgico e 18 (13,8 por cento) em terapia intensiva. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela avaliação subjetiva global e classificados, de acordo com sua capacidade funcional, em acamados e não acamados. Registrou-se a presença e número de úlceras, e sua gravidade. A classificação das úlceras foi estabelecida como grave, para lesões de 3º e 4º graus, e leve, para os graus 1 e 2. RESULTADOS: A incidência de úlcera por pressão na população estudada foi de 19,2 por cento (n=25). Não houve associação significativa com o sexo, a idade e tipo de tratamento do paciente. Os pacientes acamados apresentaram 7,5 vezes mais chance de apresentar úlceras (19/50; 38,0 por cento) do que os que deambulavam (6/80; 7,5 por cento; OR=7,5; IC95 por cento: 2,7-20,7; p<0,001). A incidência de úlcera nos pacientes gravemente desnutridos (20/49; 40,8 por cento) foi 10 vezes maior que nos pacientes considerados não gravemente desnutridos (5/81; 6,1 por cento; OR=10,4 IC95 por cento: 3,6-30,5; p<0,0001) Pela análise multivariada, tanto a capacidade funcional (acamado, OR=9,2; IC95 por cento: 2,8-30,1; p<0,001) quanto o estado nutricional (desnutrido grave, OR=3,8; IC95 por cento: 1,0-13,9; p=0,04) associaram-se com a úlcera por pressão. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de úlcera por pressão está diretamente correlacionada com a desnutrição e com a restrição ao leito dos pacientes internados.


OBJECTIVE: This study investigated if pressure ulcer correlated with the nutritional status and functional capacity of hospitalized patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 130 patients of two hospitals, 77 (59.2 percent) men and 53 (40.8 percent) women. The median age of the sample was 52 (14-85) years. Seventy-two (55.4 percent) patients were hospitalized for clinical treatment, 40 (30.8 percent) for surgical treatment and 18 (13.8 percent) for intensive care. Nutritional status was determined by subjective global assessment. The patients were then classified according to their functional capacity as bedridden or not. The number and severity of pressure ulcers was recorded. Grades 3 and 4 pressure ulcer were considered severe and grades 1 and 2 were considered mild. RESULTS: The incidence of pressure ulcers in the studied population was 19.2 percent (n=25). Pressure ulcer were not associated with gender, age and type of treatment. Bedridden patients were 7.5 times more likely to have pressure ulcer (19/50; 38.0 percent) than those who could walk (6/80; 7.5 percent; OR=7.5; CI95 percent: 2.7-20.7; p<0.001). The incidence of pressure ulcers in severely malnourished patients (20/49; 40.8 percent) was 10 times greater than that of better nourished patients (5/81; 6.1 percent; OR=10.4 CI95 percent: 3.6-30.5; p<0.0001). According to multivariate analysis, both functional capacity (bedridden, OR=9.2; CI95 percent: 2.8-30.1; p<0.001) and nutritional status (severe malnutrition, OR=3.8; CI95 percent: 1.0-13.9; p=0.04) are associated with pressure ulcer. CONCLUSION: Pressure ulcers correlate directly with malnutrition and bedridden status in hospitalized patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Malnutrition , Nutritional Status , Inpatients , Pressure Ulcer/metabolism , Functional Residual Capacity
2.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 36(4): 350-352, jul.-ago. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531031

ABSTRACT

Insulin resistance is a transitory phenomenon of the metabolic response to trauma. In uncomplicated operations it lasts for 2-4 weeks postoperatively, and is directly related to the magnitude of the injury. The fasting status caused by conventional fasting protocols aggravates this resistance and may induce hyperglycemia. Conventional preoperative fasting time may aggravate this resistance and increment the elevation of glycemia especially because it is frequently longer than the expected 6-8h and may reach 10-16 hs. Additionally, overnight fasting may cause variable degrees of dehydration depending on the extension of the fasting period. Recently, various societies of anesthesia and nutrition have changed their guidelines to propose a reduction of preoperative fasting to 2h with clear fluids containing carbohydrates. These new protocols (ACERTO, ERAS) are based on the safety of this routine as consistently demonstrated by various randomized trials and a meta-analysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fasting/adverse effects , Preoperative Care , Fasting/metabolism , Time Factors
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