ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: Addition of chlorhexidine has enhanced the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) indicated to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); however, the impact of this mixture on the properties of these materials and on the longevity of restorations must be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine (CHX) in the in vitro biological and chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and in vivo clinical/ microbiological follow-up of the ART with GIC containing or not CHX. Material and Methods: For in vitro studies, groups were divided into GIC, GIC with 1.25% CHX, and GIC with 2.5% CHX. Antimicrobial activity of GIC was analyzed using agar diffusion and anti-biofilm assays. Cytotoxic effects, compressive tensile strength, microhardness and fluoride (F) release were also evaluated. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 children that received ART either with GIC or GIC with CHX. Saliva and biofilm were collected for mutans streptococci (MS) counts and the survival rate of restorations was checked after 7 days, 3 months and one year after ART. ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/ Mann-Whitney tests were performed for in vitro tests and in vivo microbiological analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank tests were applied to estimate survival percentages of restorations (p<0.05). Results: Incorporation of 1.25% and 2.5% CHX improved the antimicrobial/anti-biofilm activity of GIC, without affecting F release and mechanical characteristics, but 2.5% CHX was cytotoxic. Survival rate of restorations using GIC with 1.25% CHX was similar to GIC. A significant reduction of MS levels was observed for KM+CHX group in children saliva and biofilm 7 days after treatment. Conclusions: The incorporation of 1.25% CHX increased the in vitro antimicrobial activity, without changing chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and odontoblast-like cell viability. This combination improved the in vivo short-term microbiological effect without affecting clinical performance of ART restorations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/chemistry , Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment/methods , Glass Ionomer Cements/pharmacology , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Reference Values , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/growth & development , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Tensile Strength , Time Factors , In Vitro Techniques , Materials Testing , Candida albicans/growth & development , Candida albicans/drug effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Biofilms/growth & development , Biofilms/drug effects , Compressive Strength , Fluorides/chemistry , Hardness Tests , Lactobacillus acidophilus/growth & development , Lactobacillus acidophilus/drug effects , Odontoblasts/drug effectsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento dos pinos intracanais utilizados nos procedimentos de reconstrução dentária, na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, e verificar sua relação com a técnica restauradora e localização no arco dentário. Metodologia: Os prontuários arquivados no Serviço de Triagem, no período entre 2005 e 2008, foram analisados quanto ao tipo de pino intracanal, técnica restauradora e localização no arco dentário. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (teste Qui-quadrado), considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: De um total de 5.566 registros, 192 (4,7%) procedimentos restauradores utilizaram os seguintes tipos de retontores: 107 (55.7%) metálicos fundidos, 38 (19,7%) fibra de vidro, 27 (14,1%) metálicos, 14 (7,2%) fibra de carbono e 6 (3,1%) fio de aço. Restaurações indiretas e diretas foram realizadas em 51% e 49% dos casos, respectivamente. Pinos metálicos fundidos foram mais associados a restaurações indiretas (p < 0,001). Considerando a sua localização na arcada, não houve diferença significativa entre os pinos utilizados na região anterior e posterior (p = 0,457).Conclusões: Durante o período de estudo, a maioria dos procedimentos de reconstrução dentária em dentes tratados endodonticamente foram realizados sem utilização de retentores intracanais. Porém, pinos metálicos fundidos foram mais frequentemente associados a coroas unitárias protéticas.
Purpose: To accomplish a rising of posts used in dental reconstruction procedures, at the School of Dentistry of Federal University of Pelotas, and verify it relationship with the restoring technique and location in the dental arch.Methods: The handbooks filed in the Service of Patient Selection, in the period understood between 2005 and 2008, it were appreised as for the post type, recovering technique and location in the dental arch. The data were submitted to the statistical analysis (test Qui-square), considering p<0,05. Results: From the total of 5.566 handbooks filed, 192 (4,7%) recovering procedures were accomplished using the following types of posts: 107 (55,7%) melted metallic, 38 (19,7%) glass fiber, 27 (14,1%) metallic, 14 (7,2%) carbon fiber and 6 (3,1%) posts of steel. Prosthetic crowns (indirects) and direct recovering were accomplished in 51% and 36,9% of the cases, respectively. Melted metallic posts were more associated to indirect restorations (p<0,001) . Considering the position of the tooth in the arcade, there was not statistic significant differences among the types of posts used in the anterior and posterior area (p=0,457). Conclusions: During the period of this study, the majority of recovering procedures of endodontically treated teeth was accomplished without the use of posts. However, melted metallic posts were more associated to indirect restorations.