A comparative in vitro antioxidant potential profile of extracts from different parts of Fagonia cretica

Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of organic extracts from fruit, roots and aerial parts of Fagonia cretica. Methods: Shed dried and powdered plant parts were initially extracted in methanol and subsequently partitioned in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol successively. Antioxidant and radical scavenging potential of the methanol extracts and the fractions of each part were evaluated using total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation radicals scavenging, reducing power (potassium ferricyanide-trichloroacetic acid system), ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (linoleic acid system) and total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdate) assays. Results: TPC and TFC values for methanol extracts and various fractions ranged from 0.23-4.30 mg/L gallic acid equivalents and from 30-545 mg/L rutin equivalents, respectively. Overall, methanol extracts and all the fractions of root and aerial parts showed higher TPC and TFC values. Methanol extracts and aqueous fractions of root and aerial parts and the n-butanol fraction of root showed lower EC

A comparative in vitro antioxidant potential profile of extracts from different parts of Fagonia cretica

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of organic extracts from fruit, roots and aerial parts of Fagonia cretica.@*METHODS@#Shed dried and powdered plant parts were initially extracted in methanol and subsequently partitioned in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol successively. Antioxidant and radical scavenging potential of the methanol extracts and the fractions of each part were evaluated using total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation radicals scavenging, reducing power (potassium ferricyanide-trichloroacetic acid system), ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (linoleic acid system) and total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdate) assays.@*RESULTS@#TPC and TFC values for methanol extracts and various fractions ranged from 0.23-4.30 mg/L gallic acid equivalents and from 30-545 mg/L rutin equivalents, respectively. Overall, methanol extracts and all the fractions of root and aerial parts showed higher TPC and TFC values. Methanol extracts and aqueous fractions of root and aerial parts and the n-butanol fraction of root showed lower EC50 values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging than the other plant extracts. The 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, total antioxidant potential and ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential values confirmed the presence of potent antioxidant principles in the methanol extract of roots. In general, all the extracts/fractions and especially those of root showed high antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The crude methanol extract of root can be explored further for in vivo studies. This study revealed the potent antioxidant potential of Fagonia cretica and its prospective efficacy against various reactive oxygen species-mediated diseases.

Percutaneous needle decompression of acute compartment syndrome of leg

Thirty patients with acute compartment syndrome of legs were managed with percutaneous needle decompression of compartments with help of size 18 gauge needle under aseptic technique. The recovery was quick and avoided complications of two fasciotomy incisions, Percutaneous needle decompression may be considered an alternative to open fasciotomies for acute compartment syndrome

Pattern of adult limbs fractures at Shaikh Zayed hospital, Lahore

Road traffic accidents leading to musculoskeletal injuries are increasing in trauma centers and becoming public health emergency. Experties of commonly presenting fractures pattern will help in planning and management of these injuries. This study done at Accident and Emergency Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, was aimed at different fracture pattern of musculoskeletal injuries in 1 year period from February 2013 to January 2014 a total 1090 patients with Road Traffic Injuries were included in the study. 1840 adult patients who presented to the Accident and Emergency Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, 1090 [59.23%] of patients were due to Road Traffic Injuries. Amongst the Road Traffic Accidents [RTA] 853 [78.23%] of the patients had accidents of Motorbike QingQui Rikshaw and 897 [82.28%] of the patients were from 16-45 years age group. Highest frequency of fracture occurred in the Femur 368[33.76%], followed by Tibia/Fibula 260 [23.85%], Humerus 178 [16.33%] and Radius/Ulna 146 [13.39%]. out of 1090 fractures, Complete fractures were 1005 [92.20%]. Leading Fractures were Transverse 632 [57.98%] followed by Oblique 208 [19.08%] and then comminuted Fractures 175 [16.05%]. Causes were Road Traffic Injuries followed by Fall and Machine injuries

Intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the tibial shaft

Interlocking intramedullary nailing has become a popular method of fixation for closed tibial fractures, and a series of reports has confirmed excellent results with this technique. However, the use of intramedullary nails for open tibial fractures is controversial. The standard treatment for these injuries has been external fixation, particularly for fractures associated with more severe soft-tissue injuries. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results of intramedullary nailing of open fractures of the tibial shaft after reaming with those of nailing without reaming. This was followup comparative study. This study was conducted at the Department of Orthoaedic, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2011. Thirty patients who had thirty-four open fractures of the tibial shaft were randomized into two treatment groups. Sixteen fractures [nine type-I, three type-II, two type-IIIA, and two type-IIIB fractures, according to the classification of Gustilo et al.] were treated with nailing after reaming, and eighteen fractures [ten type-I, four type-II, two type-IIIA, and tye-IIIB fractures] were treated with nailing without reaming. The average diameter of the nail was 10 millimeters [range, nine to eleven millimeters] in the group treated with reaming and 9 millimeters [range, eight to ten millimeters] in the group treated without reaming. No clinically important differences were found between the two groups with regard to the technical aspects of the procedure or the rate of early postoperative complications. The average time to union was 30 weeks [range, thirteen to seventy- two weeks] in the group treated with reaming and 29 weeks [range, thirteen to fifty weeks] in the group treated without reaming. Two of the fractures treated with reaming and three of the fractures treated without reaming did not unite. There were two infections in the group treated with reaming and one in the group treated without reaming. More screws broke in the group treated without reaming four, per cent] than in the group treated with reaming [Three; 9 per cent]. The functional outcome, in terms of pain in the knee, range of motion, return to work, and recreational activity, did not differ significantly between the groups. We concluded that the clinical and radiographic results of nailing after reaming are similar to those of nailing without reaming for fixation of open fractures of the tibial shaft, although more screws broke when reaming had not been done

Intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the tibial shaft

Interlocking intramedullary nailing has become a popular method of fixation for closed tibial fractures, and a series of reports has confirmed excellent results with this technique. However, the use of intramedullary nails for open tibial fractures is controversial. The standard treatment for these injuries has been external fixation, particularly for fractures associated with more severe soft-tissue injuries

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results of intramedullary nailing of open fractures of the tibial shaft after reaming with those of nailing without reaming

Material and Method: This was follow-up comparative study. Thirty patients who had thirty-four open fractures of the tibial shaft were randomized into two treatment groups. Sixteen fractures [nine typeI, three type-II, two type-IIIA, and two type-IIIB fractures, according to the classification of Gustilo et al.] were treated with nailing after reaming, and eighteen fractures [ten type-I, four type-II, two type-IIIA, and two type-IIIB fractures] were treated with nailing without reaming

Result: The average diameter of the nail was 10 millimeters [range, nine to eleven millimeters] in the group treated with reaming and 9 millimeters [range, eight to ten millimeters] in the group treated without reaming. No clinically important differences were found between the two groups with regard to the technical aspects of the procedure or the rate of early postoperative complications. The average time to union was 30 weeks [range, thirteen to seventy-two weeks] in the group treated with reaming and 29 weeks [range, thirteen to fifty weeks] in the group treated without reaming. Two of the fractures treated with reaming and three of the fractures treated without reaming did not unite. There were two infections in the group treated with reaming and one in the group treated without reaming. More screws broke in the group treated without reaming four, per cent] than in the group treated with reaming [Three; 9 per cent]. The functional outcome, in terms of pain in the knee, range of motion, return to work, and recreational activity, did not differ significantly between the groups

Conclusion: We concluded that the clinical and radiographic results of nailing after reaming are similar to those of nailing without reaming for fixation of open fractures of the tibial shaft, although more screws broke when reaming had not been done

DMFT of 12-15 years old rural area students of south Punjab - Pakistan

Dental caries is an age old problem of the human beings which needs elimination. Advances in the world have caused different effects to this problem. Surveys are conducted to evaluate the extant of this disease and the possible causative factors, periodically in different areas. Present study was conducted to evaluate the DMFT of 12-15 years old population in a rural area of south Punjab- Pakistan. About 950 students [male and female] 12-15 years old from Six rural area school of Muzaffargarh District were included in the study. Examination was made in day light with a mirror and probe. Entries were made in a printed proforma. An overall DMFT of 2.09 was observed for the 922 subjects. DMFT increased with age. It was more in females [2.22] and less in male [2.01] and the children from better socio economic status had less scores [1.94] as compared to poor [2.24]. More meals were associated with less caries while more intermeal snacks caused increase in caries, Brushing habits could not be correlated to DMFT. Rural population needs Oral Hygiene education. Better oral hygiene measures, less frequency of intermeal snacks and prophylactic measures may help reduce the caries

Evaluation of the results of giant cell tumor of bone treated with curettage and PMMA packing

Giant cell tumor is an aggressive destructive epiphyseal lesion characterized by abundant multinucleated giant cells, accounting for some 5% of Prim Bone Tumours. This study was conducted to see to functional outcome after intralesional excision, chemical adjuvant of phenol and augmentation with PMMA packing

Material and Methods: thirty patients of Companacci grade I and II were selected and operated with intralesional excision and PMMA packing. They were followed for 5 years. Final evaluation consisted of physical examination and radiographic evaluation

Results: majority of the patients [80%] were from 3rd and 4th decades of life. There was slight male preponderance 55% and chief presenting complaints were pain and swelling [79%]. The mean duration of symptoms was 8.4 months and 13 [65%] patients had lesions around knee either prox. Tibia and distal femur. Thirty percent patients were having grade I and 70% grade II lesions. Complications included recurrence in 10% limited range of motion 20% , superficial bone infection 10% and pain being most common 55% of patients. Otherwise overall fair to excellent results are seen

Conclusion: majority of patients with giant cell tumour of bone can be treated satisfactorily with intralesional excision technique coupled with adjuvant treatment. Bone cement carrying advantage over conventional bone grafting, as it acts as spacer, fills the gap, gives stability and acts as cytotoxic agent killing remaining tumor cells. Furthermore it does not carry morbidity of graft harvestin

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding leprosy among general practitioners at Hyderabad

To assess the level of knowledge, social attitude towards patients, and diagnostic and management capabilities of general practitioners [KAP] regarding leprosy, practicing at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study. Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, during October to December 2007. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire consisting of 54 questions was administered to general practitioners working at various areas in Hyderabad. The questions were grouped under different headings and covered clinical features, common and uncommon presentations, complications, referral practices and stigma. The sum of correct answers marked by doctors was taken to classify the respondents. The doctors who responded correctly for upto 10 questions were assigned level 1 [poor], from 11 to 25: level 2 [average], from 26 to 40: level 3 [good], while those who marked correct answers for more than 40 questions were assigned level 4 [excellent]. Chi-square test was used to determine significance at p < 0.05. A total of 200 doctors were surveyed. Fourteen doctors [7%] had poor knowledge of disease [number of correct answers less than 10], 32 [16%] had average [number of correct answers between 11 and 25], 140 [70%] doctors good [number of correct answers between 26 and 40] while 14 [7%] had excellent [number of correct answers more than 40] knowledge of the disease. There is inconsistency and deficiencies in the knowledge, referral pattern and treatment of leprosy among general practitioners, which needs to be improved by conducting awareness activities

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis presenting with warty lesions on face

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis is a benign proliferative disorder of non-Langerhans cells. It is a very rare disease. The disease presents with soft to firm fleshy papules on face, neck and upper trunk. Biopsy is often needed to make the diagnosis because of its rarity and diverse presentation. There is tendency for the disease to regress spontaneously without treatment. Treatment, if any needed, suffices to topical modalities. We report here a case of generalized eruptive histiocytosis which presented with lesions of dual morphology. This is a very rare disease with diverse presentation being reported first ever in our country

Serum androgen levels and their relationship to pattern and severity of hair growth in hirsute women presenting at private centre in Hyderabad

To determine the frequency of raised serum androgen levels in hirsute women and their relationship to the pattern and severity of hair growth in patients presenting at private cosmetic center at Hyderabad. In this cross-sectional study, conducted in a private cosmetic and aesthetic centre, Hyderabad, from January, 2007 to December, 2007, 65 consecutive patients of hirsutism attending the centre were enrolled. Twenty normal women of similar ages [mean age 23.60 +/- 2.90 years] without signs of hirsutism and with normal menstrual cycle were also included as control group. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Duration, pattern, and severity of hair growth [Ferriman-Gallwey score], weight, body mass index, acne and sebhorrhea were also evaluated. Serum testosterone, serum androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels were assessed in all patients and controls. Correlation between serum androgen levels and pattern and severity of hair growth was determined. Chisquare test was applied to determine p value. A total of 65 patients were enrolled in study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 45 years [mean age 24.49 +/- 6.44 years]. Thirty nine [60%] patients had normal androgen levels without evidence of significant endocrine abnormality. These were assigned idiopathic category. 26 [40%] patients had modest elevations of serum androgens. Among them, 21 had polycystic ovaries. Patients having modest to greatly elevated androgen levels [serum testosterone] had severe hirsutism with Ferriman-Gallwey scores [F-G score] >/= 8. [p

Relief of dental hypersensitivity with the use of sodium fluoride gel and an antihypersensitivity tooth paste separately or in combination

Evaluation of effects of a single application of sodium fluoride gel, use of a desensitizing tooth pastes alone or in combination, was the aim of this study. Sixty, very cooperative patients with generalize sensitivity of unknown origin were selected and divided into three groups of twenty each. First group was given a single application of sodium fluoride gel [Septodont]. Second group was advised Humdard Peelu tooth paste. While the third group was given the same tooth paste after an application of fluoride gel. All the patients were assessed the next day, after one week, six week and six months time. The statement of the patient was only criterian considered for the effectiveness of the treatment to compile the results. An immediate relief of symptoms was observed for the 1[st] and 3[rd] groups. While the 2[nd] group got benefit after a week time. The 2[nd] and 3[rd] group enjoyed a long lasting benefit, while some among the 1[st] group needed retreatment. Sodium fluoride gel application followed by regular use of Humdard Peelu tooth paste may be recommended to get long term relief from the dentinal hypersensitivity

DMFT and Peridontal status of girls from some private schools of Multan

Dental caries and the gingival problems are still two of major chronic diseases of oral cavity. Periodic evaluation of the two is necessary for calculating their incidence to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing preventive programs and to plan further for eradication of these problems. This study was aimed to assess the DMFT and periodontal problems of 12-15 years old girls from posh area schools. Relationship of the brushing habits, the meal frequency and the socioeconomic factors to the above two problems had to be established. Four hundred thirteen [413] girls students of 12 to 15 years of age attending private schools were examined in daylight with the help of a dental mirror and a blunt probe. A Performa was used to enter the findings of oral diseases, socio-economic status, brushing habit and food habits etc. Average DMFT score of 413 participants was 1.25. The students from middle class and rich class had a score of 0.89 and 1.35 respectively. Those who brushed once and twice had DMFT scores of 0.95 and 1.44 respectively. Girls having meal two times had 1.37 score, while those having three time meals had 1.20 score. Average involvement of 3.25 Sixant was observed.[Middle class 3.17 while rich class 3.33]. 52.12% participants had zero DMFT. While only 16.92% had zero periodontal problem. The results of DMFT scores are not much different from other international studies. Same is the case of periodontal problems but the two problems do exist and need a care. The results also show that the DMFT is not dependent upon the brushing one performs and the meals one takes but it is the proper brushing and the type of meals which are important. There is still a need for conducting comprehensive oral hygiene awareness programs and provision of skilled services for prevention and interception of oral diseases

Effect of single application of sodium fluoride gel to the hypersensitivity of teeth

Dental hypersensitivity is a worldwide problem that involves almost every body at some stage of life. Periodontal problems, attritions, abrasions, erosions of dental necks and dental treatment procedures etc. are the major causes of the dental hypersensitivity. Different modalities have been and are being used to reduce the discomfort of the patients. Nowadays a number of toothpastes are available for reduction of the problem with variable results. The problem if reduced is reduced at a slow speed with this toothpaste. A prompt relief is a genuine demand of the patient. Anything, which is simple to use, and effective immediately, is the need of day. Present study was designed to calculate the efficacy of Sodium Fluoride [NaF] gel in relieving dental hypersensitivity of different origins. 184 patients coming with a complaint of general dental hypersensitivity due to [1] Gingivitis/ Calculus [2] Periodontal Therapies [3] Abrasions and Erosions etc. were included. In this study NaF gel was applied all around, all of the teeth with the help of disposable syringe. Patients were recalled the next day, after one week, two week, and 4 week time. The relief of symptoms was assessed by the patient's verbal response. There was a prompt relief of symptoms in all of patients. 75% of the patients felt good relief [75 -100% reduction] of discomfort after 4 weeks time. 17% of patients had moderate relief [50-75% reduction] after 4 weeks while only 7% had poor relief [less than 50%]. The results were analyzed by t-test and Carl Pearson coefficient of correlation tests. Application of NaF gel might be a good single application agent for relief of dental hypersensitivity. Toothpastes may be used in conjunction with NaF gel application

Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as lupus panniculitis

Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is an autoimmune disease that presents in diverse ways. Panniculitis is not a common presentation of SLE. Its overall incidence is estimated to be 1-3%, occurring predominantly in women. The lesions have predilection for the fatty areas of body such as shoulders, hips, thighs and face. We present here a case of a young female who visited us with the complaint of soft tissue swellings over buttocks, shins, arms and face. The swellings appeared to be ordinary abscesses at first sight. She also had history of arthralgia and low grade fever. Laboratory examination demonstrated high litres of antinucleal antigen and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in serum which led us to suspect lupus panniculitis. Histopathology revealed features of lobular panniculitis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate deep in the subcutis. We report this case because this is a rare presentation of lupus erythematosus

Familial primary hyperparathyroidism

A case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a 17 years old female is described. Patient presented with severe abdominal and pelvic pains associate with discomfort. Diagnostic testing revealed multiple upper and lower limb fractures and renal stones. Case was self limiting. Patient's condition resolved on parathyroidectomy for adenoma and partial thyroidectomy. Follow-up showed familial links

Caries and periodontal status of students from two posh area Boys schools of Multan

Caries and periodontal status of 12-15 years old students in relation to the brushing habits, food habits and income was calculated in this study. The objectives of this study include: 1. Finding prevalence of carious, filled and lost teeth and the severity of the gum diseases in 12-15 years old students of upper class families. 2. Co-relate these problems with the socioeconomic status, frequency of meals and the brushing habits. Twelve to fifteen years old male students of two posh schools, were selected and examined in the daylight with mouth minor and a blunt probs during the period not extending from August 2006 to August 2007. Findings were recorded on a Performa, which was already completed by the volunteers for their personal data. The average DMFT of the 304 subjects was 1.171 while average involvements of gums were 4.05 sexants. 53.3% of the participants had zero DMFT while only 7.2% had healthy gums. More frequent brushing had a negative effect both to DMFT and periodontal involvements. Better socioeconomic status and less frequent meals had positive effect to the DMFT score and gum involvement. It is strongly felt that the people need a better dental education program at govt. level. The brushing methodology has to be taught more effectively

Abdominal tuberculosis: Clinical presentation and outcome

To study the clinical presentation and outcome of cases of Abdominal Tuberculosis. Prospective cross-sectional study from January 2005 to December 2006. Surgical Unit II and V, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Fifty four patients of Abdominal Tuberculosis were seen during the study period Four patients were lost to follow-up, which were excluded. Detailed information of all the patients including age, sex, symptoms, signs, investigations and management was recorded, analyzed and compared with local and international data. Out of the 50 patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis, 31 were females and 19 males. Their ages ranged from 17 to 63 years, with a mean age 425.1 years. Thirty five cases were admitted through Emergency and 15 through Outpatients departments. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom found in 44 [88%] patients followed by vomiting in 33 [66%]. Abdominal tenderness was seen in 22 [44%] patients, while 16 [32%] patients had rigidity and other features of peritonitis. Surgery was performed in all these patients, limited right hemicolectomy in 17 [34%], segmental resection and anastomosis in 12 [24%], ileostomy and strictureplasty in six [12%] each, repair of perforation in five [10%] and adhesiolysis in four [8%] patients. Overall mortality was 8% due to septicaemia and multiorgan Abdominal Tuberculosis is a significant clinical entity with lethal complications in neglected cases. It affects a younger age group and is more common in females. Clinical features are rather non-specific but vague ill health, low grade fever, weight loss and anorexia may help to diagnose the case

Oral health status; very low income strata of population

Oral health, although an important aspect of the general health, unfortunately is an ignored aspect, by almost all population strata. Poverty, lack of education and lack of public awareness programs add to the dilemma. Evaluation of the oral health, tooth cleaning devices and at the top, awareness about such devices, among the most ignored and deprived group of population. The evaluation of oral hygiene of the poor railway coolies, was the objective of this study. A very simple proforma in Urdu was designed. It included some questions about personal data, tooth cleaning habits, the devices used for the purpose and the reasons for not using the tooth brush. DMFT and the periodontal conditions were then noted in the same proforma. About 120 coolies agreed to participate in the study. Examination was made in day light with a mirror and a blunt probe. The age varied from 15-60 years. There was about 100% periodontal involvements, while DMFT increased with age [0.75 to 12.5]. About 49.5% used brush, 41.5% miswak, 5.3% tooth powder, while 3.5% did not use any of these. Tooth brush users had least DMFT while powder users had the maximum. Of the non brush users 50.9% of people could not buy brush, 33.9% did not like it while 15.09% were ignorant of it. Poverty, illiteracy and lack of dental awareness are the major causes of dental / periodontal problems. The tooth brushing techniques must be taught to the public

Unilateral psoriasis along Blaschko lines

Atypical forms and unusual localizations of psoriasis are quite frequently seen. However, psoriasis arranged unilaterally along Blaschko Lines is extremely rare. We report a case of an adult male, who presented with unilateral psoriasis arranged in Blaschko Lines on left side of the body