Efeito da posição da articulação do cotovelo no controle de torque de supinação do antebraço em jovens adultos / Effects of elbow joint position on forearm supination torque control among young adults

INTRODUÇÃO: Inúmeros casos de patologias em antebraço e cotovelo reportados na literatura estão associados com tarefas que envolvem esforço e movimentos repetitivos do braço e mão. A posição do cotovelo é conhecida por afetar a produção de torque máximo de supinação do antebraço, assim como é um fator crítico na determinação de exercícios terapêuticos apropriados. No entanto, baseado no que se conhece, não existem evidências sobre os efeitos da posição do cotovelo em tarefas que requerem controle de níveis submáximos de torque. OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou o efeito da posição do cotovelo na produção de torque isométrico máximo de supinação do antebraço e no controle constante e contínuo de torque em diferentes níveis submáximos de torque. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis jovens adultos (24,7 ± 2,2 anos de idade) foram solicitados a realizar duas tarefas: produção de torque máximo em pinça lateral (polegar e indicador) e controle constante de torque em pinça lateral. Ambas as tarefas foram avaliadas em quatro posições do cotovelo (livre, 0º, 45º e 90º de flexão) e três níveis submáximos de produção de torque em pinça lateral (20 por cento, 40 por cento e 60 por cento). Torque máximo, variabilidade, irregularidade e precisão da resposta motora foram usados como variáveis dependentes. RESULTADOS: Maiores valores de torque foram encontrados quando a articulação do cotovelo não foi restringida. O controle de torque não foi influenciado pela posição da articulação do cotovelo. Maior variabilidade, irregularidade e menor precisão na resposta de torque foram registradas com o aumento progressivo dos níveis submáximos de torque. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a posição do cotovelo não é um fator determinante para exercícios de reabilitação que incluam torque em supinação do antebraço.

BACKGROUND: Large numbers of cases of pathological conditions in the forearm and elbow that have been reported in the literature are associated with tasks involving effort and repetitive movements of the arms and hands. Elbow position is known to affect the production of maximum forearm supination torque, and is a critical factor in designing appropriate therapeutic exercises. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the effects of elbow position on tasks requiring control over submaximal torque levels. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of elbow position on the production of maximum isometric forearm supination torque, and on constant and continuous torque control at different submaximal torque levels. METHOD: Sixteen young adults (24.7 ± 2.2 years old) were asked to perform two tasks: production of maximum lateral pinch torque (thumb and index finger) and controlled lateral pinch constant torque. Both tasks were evaluated at four different elbow positions (free position, 0º, 45º and 90º of elbow flexion) and three submaximal levels of lateral pinch torque production (20 percent, 40 percent and 60 percent). Maximal torque, variability, irregularity and accuracy of the motor response were used as dependent variables. RESULTS: Greater torque values were found when the elbow joint was not restricted. The torque control tasks were not affected by the elbow position. However, greater variability and irregularity and lower accuracy in torque response were recorded with progressively increased submaximal torque levels. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that elbow position is not a determining factor for rehabilitation exercises that include torque control, in relation to forearm supination.

Valor de la endoscopia - terapeutica de urgencia en la hemorragia gastrointestinal / Value of the emergency therapeutic endoscopy in gastrointestinal hemorrhage

En este trabajo de endoscopía digestiva terapéutica, se presenta la experiencia del tratamiento endoscópico de las lesiones gastrointestinales hemorragicas por el método de la inyeción por vía endoscópica de adrenalina y polidocanol. Fuerón tratados 129 pacientes con edades compreendidas entre 20-98 años (media 62 años); las lesiones mas frecuentes fueron úlceras gastroduodenales en el 80 por ciento de los casos. La efectividad con una sesíon de inyección fue del 91.4 por ciento y con dos sesiones en ciertos casos, dando una efectividad global del 95.3 por ciento para cohibir la hemorragia. La efectividad global del 95.3 por ciento para cohibir la hemorragia. La mortalidad sigue siendo elevada (16.2 por ciento) aún con hemostasia del vaso sangrante, debido a las enfermedades asociadas que presentan nuestros enfermos. Se apresenta la técnica de la inyección y al mismo tiempo se discuten los resultados obtenidos en nuestra casuística.

Characterization of alternatively spliced PIG-A transcripts in normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells

The genetic lesion in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells resides in a DNA element that 1) encodes a product required for assembly of GlcNAc-inositol phospholipid and 2) is commonly affected in different patients. In this study, three alternative mRNA transcripts (1600, 1200 and 950 bp) that derive from this genetic element in normal cells were characterized. The 1200-bp transcript was found to arise from splicing out of 374 bp of exonic sequence extending from positions 407-780. The 950-bp transcript was found to arise from removal of this and 284 bp of additional exonic sequence beginning further upstream at position 123. Analyses of transcripts expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes prepared from two PNH patients showed that both failed to express normal 1600-bp transcripts. One expressed truncated transcripts of 1000 and 800 bp generated by an alternate splice which utilized a downstream signal in place of the normal intronic splice signal. The other expressed a 1600 bp-transcript with multiple nucleotide changes but normal 1200- and 950- bp "spliced" transcripts

Standardization of serological tests for detecting anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in dogs

his paper reports on the standardization of four serological reactions currently used in human serodiagnosis for the detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in naturally and experimentally infected dogs. Indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and hemagglutination test (IHAT) were standardized, and complement fixation test (CFT) and direct agglutination test (DAT) were used for diagnostic confirmation. Four hundred and eighty one mongrel dogs that were studied by xenodiagnosis were used: (1) parasitemic dogs of two localities of endemic area (EA) of Santiago del Estero province in Argentina (n = 134); (2) non-parasitemic dogs of the same area (n = 285); (3) dogs experimentally infected with T. cruzi in the patent period (n = 6); (4) non-infected dogs (n = 56) which were born in the city of Buenos Aires (BA), one non-EA for Chagas' disease. For IFAT, parasitemic dogs EA showed 95 per cent of reactive sera. Non parasitemic dogs EA showed 77 per cent of non reactive sera. None sera from BA were reactive for dilutions higher than four. For IHAT, 84 per cent of sera of parasitemic dogs EA showed serological reactivity and among non parasitemic dogs BA, 61 per cent were non reactive, while the remainder showed at most titres of 1/16. The cut-off titres for IFAT and IHAT were 1/16 and 1/32 respectively, and for CFT and DAT 1/1 and 1/128 respectively. Sensitivity for IFAT, IHAT, CF and DAT were 95 per cent , 84 per cent , 97 per cent and 95 per cent respectively