Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 11 de 11
Filter
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(1): 167-171, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-748248

ABSTRACT

Aggregative adherence to human epithelial cells, most to renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells, and biofilm formation was identified among antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli strains mainly isolated from bacteremia. The importance of these virulence properties contributing to host colonization and infection associated with multiresistant E. coli should not be neglected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Adhesion , Biofilms/growth & development , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/physiology , Genotype , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cell Line , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
3.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 81(3): 571-587, Sept. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-523982

ABSTRACT

Several epidemiological changes have occurred in the pattern of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases during the past 25 years. Social and demographic changes possibly related to this phenomenon include a rapid population growth, the increase in urban migration and movement across international borders by tourists and immigrants, alterations in the habitats of animals and arthropods that transmit disease, as well as the raise of patients with impaired host defense abilities. Continuous surveillance programs of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance are warranted for detecting in real time new pathogens, as well as to characterize molecular mechanisms of resistance. In order to become more effective, surveillance programs of emergent pathogens should be organized as a multicenter laboratory network connected to the main public and private infection control centers. Microbiological data should be integrated to guide therapy, adapting therapy to local ecology and resistance patterns. This paper presents an overview of data generated by the Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, along with its participation in different surveillance programs of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases.


Várias alterações epidemiológicas ocorreram no perfil das doenças infecciosas hospitalares e comunitárias nos últimos 25 anos. Mudanças sociais e demográficas possivelmente relacionadas com esse fenômeno incluem o rápido crescimento populacional, o aumento da migração urbana e deslocamento através de fronteiras internacionais por turistas e imigrantes, alterações nos habitats de animais e artrópodes que transmitem doença assim como o aumento no número de pacientes com deficiências nas respostas de defesa. Os programas contínuos de vigilância de patógenos emergentes e resistência antimicrobiana são necessários para a detecção em tempo real de novos patógenos assim como para caracterizar mecanismos moleculares de resistência. Para serem mais efetivos, os programasde vigilância dos patógenos emergentes devem ser organizados em uma rede de laboratórios multicêntricos ligados aos principais centros de controle de infecções, públicos e privados. Os dados microbiológicos devem ser integrados a guias terapêuticos adaptando práticas terapêuticas à ecologia local eaos padrões de resistência. O artigo apresenta uma revisão dos dados gerados pela Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, contemplando sua participação nos diferentes programas de vigilância de doenças infecciosas hospitalares e adquiridas na comunidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Community-Acquired Infections , Cross Infection , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Drug Resistance, Viral , Brazil , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/microbiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control , Community-Acquired Infections/virology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cross Infection/virology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Fungal/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Fungal/genetics , Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , HIV-1 , Hospitals, University , Population Surveillance
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(4): 195-198, July-Aug. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-492721

ABSTRACT

E. faecium was the first reported VRE species, carrying the vanA gene in Brazil. In spite of this, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis has become the predominant species in Brazilian hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness of VREs isolated in a Brazilian teaching hospital eight years apart from its first isolation. We analyzed 38 VRE strains obtained from 81 surveillance cultures of patients admitted to the four largest intensive care units in Hospital São Paulo in February, 2006. Presence of the vanA gene was assayed by PCR and PFGE analysis was used for molecular characterization. All VRE strains carried the vanA gene. Two distinct clonal groups were observed among vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium belonged to five distinct clones were demonstrated by molecular typing. All of these clones were different from the first vancomycin-resistant enterococci clone isolated eight years ago in our hospital.


E. faecium contendo o gene vanA foi a primeira espécie de VRE descrita, no Brasil. Apesar disto, E. faecalis resistente a vancomicina tem se tornado a espécie predominante nos hospitais brasileiros.O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação genética de VREs isolados em um hospital de ensino brasileiro após oito anos de seu primeiro isolamento. Analisamos 37 isolados de VRE obtidos de 81 culturas de vigilância de pacientes admitidos nas quatro maiores Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo em Fevereiro de 2006. A presença do gene vanA foi analisada por PCR e a caracterização molecular por PFGE. Todas as amostras VRE carreavam o gene vanA. Entre os E. faecalis vancomicina-resistentes, dois distintos grupos clonais foram observados. E. faecium resistente a vancomicina pertencentes a cinco clones distintos foram demonstrados por tipagem molecular. Todos esses clones foram diferentes do primeiro clone de enterococo resistente a vancomicina isolado oito anos atrás em nosso hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Carbon-Oxygen Ligases/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Feces/microbiology , Genotype , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 11(1): 40-43, Feb. 2007. mapas, tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-454681

ABSTRACT

Increasing quinolone resistance has been reported worldwide, mainly among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. The objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility profile, the genetic relatedness, and the prevalence of the qnr gene among ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from distinct Brazilian hospitals. A total of 144 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from 17 Brazilian hospitals between January/2002 and June/2003. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution according to NCCLS. The presence of the qnr gene was initially screened by colony blotting, and then confirmed by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Ninety-five urinary ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli were further selected for molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Imipenem and meropenem showed the highest susceptibility rates (100.0 percent for both compounds) followed by amikacin (91.0 percent) and piperacillin/tazobactan (84.8 percent). A single ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate was positive for qnr among the 144 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli. Forty-six PFGE patterns were observed among the 95 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli type. This study shows that therapeutic options are limited for treatment of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli due to the presence of additional mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as ESBL production. The qnr gene was uncommon among ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolates, but its identification might indicate the emergence of this mechanism of quinolone resistance in Brazil. The great genomic variability found among the ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli highlights the importance of the appropriate use of quinolone to restrict the selection of resistant isolates.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Brazil , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Escherichia coli/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(7): 741-748, Nov. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-439457

ABSTRACT

Emerging resistance phenotypes and antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogens recovered from community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) is an increasing problem in specific regions, limiting therapeutic options. As part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, a total of 611 isolates were collected in 2003 from patients with CA-UTI presenting at Latin American medical centers. Each strain was tested in a central laboratory using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution methods with appropriate controls. Escherichia coli was the leading pathogen (66 percent), followed by Klebsiella spp. (7 percent), Proteus mirabilis (6.4 percent), Enterococcus spp. (5.6 percent), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.6 percent). Surprisingly high resistance rates were recorded for E. coli against first-line orally administered agents for CA-UTI, such as ampicillin (53.6 percent), TMP/SMX (40.4 percent), ciprofloxacin (21.6 percent), and gatifloxacin (17.1 percent). Decreased susceptibility rates to TMP/SMX and ciprofloxacin were also documented for Klebsiella spp. (79.1 and 81.4 percent, respectively), and P. mirabilis (71.8 and 84.6 percent, respectively). For Enterococcus spp., susceptibility rates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin were 88.2, 85.3, 55.9, and 97.1 percent, respectively. High-level resistance to gentamicin was detected in 24 percent of Enterococcus spp. Bacteria isolated from patients with CA-UTI in Latin America showed limited susceptibility to orally administered antimicrobials, especially for TMP/SMX and fluoroquinolones. Our results highlight the need for developing specific CA-UTI guidelines in geographic regions where elevated resistance to new and old compounds may influence prescribing decisions.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Population Surveillance , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Case-Control Studies , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Latin America/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology
7.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 26(6): 243-249, nov.-dez. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-427292

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre níveis salivares de Streptococcus mutans, ocorrência de cárie dental e gengivite em pacientes respiradores bucais com dentição decídua, mista e permanente. Método: Foi realizada por busca ativa de artigos de língua inglesa indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline e Lilacs. Os seguintes unitermos foram empregados: Streptococcus mutans, cárie dentária, respiração bucal, índice de placa dentária, índice periodontal. Resultados: Os níveis salivares de Streptococcus mutans apresentam-se maiores em crianças respiradoras bucais com dentição mista do que em respiradores nasais, no entanto, esta diferença não é significante em crianças com dentição decídua. A referência de cárie dental em respiradores bucais é rara. O único trabalho obtido relata que o número de superfícies com lesão de cárie inicial (mancha branca) é maior em crianças respiradoras bucais do que em respiradores nasais. Índices de placa bacteriana foram semelhantes nos grupos respiradores nasais e bucais quando analisadas dentições decíduas, mistas e permanentes, ou seja, crianças, adolescentes e adultos. Respiradores bucais apresentam maiores índices de sangramento gengival não somente na região anterior como também na região posterior. Conclusão: A respiração bucal deve ser considerada como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de cárie e doenças periodontais. O diagnóstico precoce, no mínimo, a partir dos três anos de idade faz-se necessário, como o estabelecimento de medidas de controle, evitando alterações nos tecidos gengivais e diminuindo o risco à doença cárie.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Dental Caries , Gingivitis , In Vitro Techniques , Mouth Breathing , Streptococcus mutans , Methods , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
8.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 45(2): 59-63, Mar.-Apr. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-333178

ABSTRACT

In São Paulo State, Brazil, the epidemic increase in isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis has been observed since 1994. A total of 105 S. Enteritidis strains (72 from human and 33 from non-human sources) isolated during the period 1975-1995, previously characterized by phage typing, was analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profile, and ribotyping. Over 70 percent of the strains were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, however, multiple resistance to antimicrobials was observed among the studied strains, mainly those from hospitalized patients. Phage type 8 (PT-8) was predominant among the strains isolated during the period of 1975-1992, but in the following years, PT-4 was the most frequent phage type identified. Seven different plasmid profiles were detected and 96 percent of the isolates harbored a plasmid of approximately 36 MDa. Ribotyping discriminated fourteen ribotypes (R1 to R14) among the strains examined. By analysis of dendrogram the strains were included in three groups with similarity level of 60 percent. The obtained results indicate that, a single ribotype (R11), determined for PT-4 strains isolated from 1993, characterizes the epidemic clone of S. Enteritidis in our region


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Bacterial , Phenotype , Salmonella enteritidis , Bacteriophage Typing , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plasmids , Ribotyping , Salmonella enteritidis
9.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 5(52): 15-21, set. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-355583

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa, realizada na enfermaria e no pronto-socorro de pediatria da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de dois produtos comerciais utilizados no procedimento da lavagem das mãos na redução de enterobactérias presentes nas mãos dos profissionais de saúde (médicos, residentes, enfermeiros e auxiliares de enfermagem)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Hand Disinfection , Enterobacteriaceae
10.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 4(42): 18-21, nov. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-418944

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa, um estudo de campo, realizada na enfermaria e no pronto-socorro de pediatria de um hospital de ensino, teve como objetivo avaliar o procedimento da lavagem das mãos dos profissionais de saúde, no plano assistencial às crianças portadoras de diarréia aguda bacteriana, segundo as normas da Comissão de Controle de Indfecção Hospitalar, adotadas no Hospital das Clínicas - UNICAMP...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Hand Disinfection/methods , Diarrhea , Child, Hospitalized , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 5(1): 09-15, jan.-abr. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-351035

ABSTRACT

Pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis (PFGE) conhecido também como orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis ( OFAGE) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foram usados para tipificar 10 amostras clínicas de Enterococcus faecalis. PFGE, empregando-se Sma I gerou 10 padrões de restrição variando de 10 para 20 fragmentos. A técnica de PCR, realizada com os primers REP-1/2R, proporcionou 7 padrões de bandas variando de 4 para 10 fragmentos. Adotando-se a seqüência repetitiva JB1- 5ÆGATTTTATGGCCGTCCGC3Æ como iniciador na reação de amplificação, foram obtidos 6 padrões de bandeamento variando de 4 para 6 fragmentos. Por PCR, os genótipos foram agrupados, contudo apenas duas amostras foram consideradas idênticas simultaneamente através das técnicas de REP-PCR e JB1-PCR. O pequeno número de amostras não possibilitou a aplicação de qualquer tratamento estatístico para se avaliar a prevalência de algum genótipo. A heterogeneidade genética das cepas foi demonstrada por PFGE e PCR. Os padrões de restrição obtidos por PFGE foram mais facilmente interpretados do que os padrões de bandeamento gerados por PCR os quais apresentaram bandas grossas, sobrepostas e de baixa nitidez. O primer JB1, empregado pela primeira vez em estudo com Enterococcus faecalis, foi útil para a diferenciação de cepas desta espécie


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Enterococcus faecalis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL