ABSTRACT
Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery with formation of an abnormal vascular network at the skull base. The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood and is mainly thought to be associated with genetic factors, environmental factors and immune inflammatory response. The discovery of relevant biomarkers may provide hope for elucidation of pathogenesis of moyamoya disease and the early diagnosis and treatment of it. From the perspectives of coding gene, non-coding RNA and protein related to moyamoya disease, the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the occurrence and development of moyamoya disease are elaborated to further clarify their value as biomarkers of moyamoya disease.