Comparison of two analysis methods of opioid consumption sum in medical institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compare the similarities and differences of the two methods in analyzing the use of opioids in third grade class A medical institutions and provide a reference for the management of opioids in medical institutions. METHODS Two methods， Defined Daily Dose （DDD） and Oral Morphine Equivalent （OME）， were used to count the opioid prescription data of five comprehensive medical institutions of third grade class A （named H1-H5） in Shanxi province in 2020， calculate consumption sum of opioid， annual per capita consumption sum， patient cost burden and drug consumption sum ratio， compare the index results presented by the two analysis methods， and explore the application scenarios of the advantages of each of the two evaluation methods. RESULTS The ranking of consumption sum of opioid and patient cost burden calculated by the two methods was the same in the five sample medical institutions， but the ranking of per capita consumption sum was different. Taking the 5 medical institutions as a whole， the top 4 rankings of consumption sum ratio for each species of opioid compared by both methods were the same， i. e. remifentanil＞sufentanil＞oxycodone＞morphine. The ratio of remifentanil was close to 50%. When comparing the ranking of consumption sum ratio in each medical institution， the ranking calculated by the two methods was different for those medical institutions except for H1 medical institutions. The consumption sum ratio of fentanyl calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that of OME method； whereas consumption sum ratio of remifentanil calculated by OME method was significantly higher than that of DDD method. Perioperative patients had the highest consumption sum ratio， about 50%. The consumption sum ratio of critically ill patients in H3 jwsydey@163.com medical institutions and inpatient patients with cancer pain and other patients in H5 medical institutions calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that by OME method. There were differences in the order of cost burden of different types of patients calculated by two methods. CONCLUSIONS DDD method can accurately reflect the dosage of opioid drugs and facilitate the monitoring and management of the dosage； OME method can more reflect the analgesic effect and compare the cost burden of patients.

Improvement situation on indexes of the zebrafish disease model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with FGF21 analogues / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To detect the therapeutic efficacy of FGF21 analogues on the zebrafish model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A zebrafish model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was established by providing the normal diet fed to wild-type zebrafish three times daily. PF-05231023 was administered exogenously at a final concentration of 0.5 μmol/L. Body length, body weight, triglycerides, and other indexes were measured after 20 days. Pathological changes were evaluated in liver tissue sections by HE staining. Quantitative PCR was used to identify expressional changes in genes related to lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Results: QPCR and immunofluorescence staining results showed that FGF21 was highly expressed in the zebrafish model group. The addition of the FGF21 analogue PF-05231023 significantly reduced the body length and body weight (P < 0.01), and the triglyceride content (P < 0.05) in the zebrafish model group. The liver HE staining results showed that PF-05231023 had alleviated the large and tiny bullae fat, lesions, and others in the zebrafish model group. The quantitative PCR results demonstrated that PF-05231023 reduced the expression of lipogenic factors (P < 0.01), inflammatory-related factors (P < 0.001), and genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (P < 0.05), but raised lipid-oxidation-related factors (P < 0.05) in the zebrafish model group. The addition of PF-05231023 reduced oleic acid-induced lipid and triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: FGF21 analogue addition can improve indexes in the zebrafish disease model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Clinical characteristics of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) in children. Methods: There were 17 children diagnosed with AAOCA from January 2013 to January 2022 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.Their clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging data, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: These 17 children included 14 males and 3 females, with the age of (8.7±3.5) years. There were 4 anomalous left coronary artery (ALCA) and 13 anomalous right coronary artery (ARCA). Seven children presented with chest pain or chest pain after exercise, three patients presented with cardiac syncope, one complained chest tightness and weakness, and the other six patients had no specific symptoms. Cardiac syncope and chest tightness occurred in patients with ALCA. Fourteen children had the dangerous anatomical basis of myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery compression or stenosis on imaging. Seven children had coronary artery repair, of whom two were ALCA and five were ARCA. One patient had received heart transplantation because of heart failure. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis in ALCA group was higher than that in ARCA group (4/4 vs. 0/13, P<0.05). They were followed up in the outpatient department regularly for 6 (6, 12) months; except for the one who lost visit, the rest of the patients had a good prognosis. Conclusions: Cardiogenic syncope or cardiac insufficiency usually occurs in ALCA, and adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis are more common in ALCA than in ARCA. Early surgical treatment should be considered for children with ALCA and ARCA accompanied by myocardial ischemia.

Research summary of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Panax notoginseng and predictive analysis on its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Panax notoginseng contains triterpene saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, polysaccharides, volatile oil and other active components, which have the effects of promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding, removing blood stasis, etc. This study summarized the herbal research, chemical constituents and main pharmacological activities of P. notoginseng, and based on the theory of Q-markers of traditional Chinese medicine, predicted and analyzed the Q-markers of P. notoginseng from the aspects of plant kinship, efficacy, drug properties, measurability of chemical components, etc. It was found that ginsenosides Rg_1, Re, and Rb_1 with specific content ratio, ginsenosides Rb_2, Rb_3, Rc, Rd, Rh_2, and Rg_3, notoginseng R_1, dencichine and quercetin could be used as potential Q-markers of P. notoginseng, which facilitated the formulation of quality standards reflecting the efficacy of P. notoginseng.

Risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheterization-associated bloodstream infection in neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the features of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) or central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) after peripherally inserted central catheterization (PICC) in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the risk factors for CRBSI or CLABSI.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the neonates who were treated and required PICC in the NICU of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 1, 2018 to May 1, 2020. The catheterization-related data were collected, including placement time, insertion site, removal time, and antimicrobial lock of PICC. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the risk factors for CRBSI or CLABSI in the neonates.@*RESULTS@#A total of 446 neonates were enrolled, with a mean gestational age of (30.8±4.0) weeks, a mean birth weight of (1 580±810) g, a median age of 9 days, and a median duration of PICC of 18 days. The incidence rates of CLABSI and CRBSI were 5.6 and 1.46 per 1 000 catheter days, respectively. Common pathogens for CLABSI caused by PICC included Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=19) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=11), and those for CRBSI caused by PICC included Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=6). The risk of CLABSI caused by PICC increased significantly with prolonged durations of PICC and antibiotic use, and the PICC-related infection probability at head and neck was significantly lower than that in the upper and low limbs (P<0.05), while the above conditions were more obvious in neonates with a birth weight of <1 500 g. The risk of CRBSI caused by PICC decreased with the increase in gestational age (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#CRBSI and CLABSI remain serious issues in NICU nosocomial infection. The identification of the risk factors for CRBSI and CLABSI provides a basis for improving the quality of clinical care and management.

Value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 51 VLBW infants who were admitted from March 2020 to June 2021, with an age of ≤3 days and a length of hospital stay of ≥14 days. According to the diameter of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on days 14 and 28 after birth, the infants were divided into three groups: large PDA group (PDA diameter ≥2 mm), small PDA group (PDA diameter <2 mm), and PDA closure group (PDA diameter =0 mm). The echocardiographic parameters measured at 72 hours after birth were compared among the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of the echocardiographic parameters in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA≥2 mm) at the ages of 14 and 28 days.@*RESULTS@#On day 14 after birth, there were 17 infants in the large PDA group, 11 in the small PDA group, and 23 in the PDA closure group. On day 28 after birth, there were 14 infants in the large PDA group, 9 in the small PDA group, and 26 in the PDA closure group. There were significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, rate of pulmonary surfactant use, and incidence rate of hypotension among the three groups (P<0.05). PDA diameter, end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, left ventricular output, and left ventricular output/superior vena cava flow ratio measured at 72 hours after birth were associated with persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days (P<0.05), and the ratio of the left atrium to aorta diameter was associated with persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the age of 28 days (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve that the PDA diameter measured at 72 hours after birth predicting the persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days was the largest (0.841 and 0.927 respectively), followed by end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, with the area under the curve of 0.793 and 0.833 respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The indicators obtained by beside echocardiography at 72 hours after birth, especially PDA diameter and end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, can predict persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days in VLBW infants, which provides a basis for the implementation of early targeted treatment strategy for PDA.

Application of four-valve technique in the improved conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of four-valve technique in the improved conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS: Retrospective clinical study. A total of 28 patients(28 eyes)who were treated in our hospital from September 2017 to June 2020 with lacrimal disease were selected as the research subjects. These patients were treated with conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy. Postoperative follow-up was performed for 6-12mo to observe the surgical effect, satisfaction and postoperative complications.RESULTS: The positive rate of fluorescein sodium dye excretion test after surgery in this group of patients was 96%(27/28), the success rate of surgery was 96%(27/28), the cure rate was 68%(19/28), the improvement rate was 28%(8/28), the ineffective rate was 4%(1/28)and the overall satisfaction of patients was 93%(26/28). The postoperative complications included ocular foreign body sensation(28 eyes), conjunctival hyperemia(11 eyes), nasal cavity and conjunctival sac bleeding(8 eyes)and lacrimal passage tube out(1 eye). CONCLUSION: The four-valve technique is used to improve the conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy with high success rate, less complications, safety and effectiveness.

Timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).@*METHODS@#The medical data of VLBWI who underwent transthoracic ligation for PDA from June 2018 to May 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The infants were divided into early ligation group (≤21 days of age) and late ligation group (>21 days of age) based on the age of ligation. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative clinical features, complications, and mortality. The risk factors for early surgical ligation were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 72 VLBWI were enrolled, with 19 infants (26%) in the early ligation group and 53 infants (74%) in the late ligation group. There were significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, weight at operation, days of age at operation, rates of preoperative invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, incidence rate of pulmonary hemorrhage, incidence rate of hypotension, preoperative PDA internal diameter (mm/kg), intraoperative PDA external diameter (mm/kg), incidence rate of post-ligation cardiac syndrome, and duration of postoperative invasive mechanical ventilation between the two groups (P<0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary hemorrhage was an indication of early surgical ligation of PDA (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of post-operative complications and the mortality rate between the early ligation and late ligation groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early surgical ligation may be performed for VLBWI who are experiencing pulmonary hemorrhage and hemodynamically significant PDA confirmed by cardiac ultrasound after birth. However, post-ligation cardiac syndrome should attract enough attention. In addition, early surgical ligation of PDA does not increase the risk of surgery-related and long-term complications or death, indicating that it is a safe and feasible treatment option.

Identification and functional analysis of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28 gene mutation / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To report a case of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28 (COXPD28) in China, identified the pathogenic mutation and explored the pathogenic mechanism preliminarily.Methods:The clinical characteristics of a patient with COXPD28 were retrospectively analyzed and the pathogenic mutations were identified by mitochondrial gene sequencing and whole exome sequencing. The wild-type and mutant plasmids of pathogenic genes were constructed, and effect of mutation on protein expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were evaluated. Statistical methods mainly used one-way ANOVA and LSD test.Results:A 21 year old female patient presented with lactic acid poisoning due to repeated chest distress and wheezing since childhood. The sequencing of the whole exon group gene found that solute carrier family 25 member 26 (SLC25A26) gene had a compound heterozygous mutation (c.34G>C, p.A12P; c.197C>A, p.A66E), which was the first report in China. In vitro function test showed that the expression levels of SLC25A26 mRNA and S-adenosylmethionine carrier (SAMC) protein in cells transfected with SLC25A26 mutant plasmid were significantly lower than those transfected with wild type plasmid. The p.A66E mutant plasmid reduced the expression level of SLC25A26 mRNA and SAMC protein to 6% and 26% of wild type plasmids respectively (both P<0.001), while p.A12P mutant plasmid decreased to 62% and 82% of wild type plasmids respectively ( P<0.001, P=0.044). When the double mutant (p.A66E+p.A12P) plasmids were co-transfected, the expression levels of SLC25A26 mRNA and SAMC protein decreased to 47% and 57% of the wild type plasmids, respectively ( P<0.001, P=0.001). Conclusion:The pathogenic mutation gene of this patient with COXPD28 is SLC25A26 gene mutation (p.A66E, p.A12P), which causes the decrease of SLC25A26 expression level, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, and induces COXPD28.

Analysis of clinical phenotype and genotype of Chinese children with disorders of sex development / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.

A pelvic support weight rehabilitation system tracing the human center of mass height / 生物医学工程学杂志

The body weight support rehabilitation training system has now become an important treatment method for the rehabilitation of lower limb motor dysfunction. In this paper, a pelvic brace body weight support rehabilitation system is proposed, which follows the center of mass height (CoMH) of the human body. It aims to address the problems that the existing pelvic brace body weight support rehabilitation system with constant impedance provides a fixed motion trajectory for the pelvic mechanism during the rehabilitation training and that the patients have low participation in rehabilitation training. The system collectes human lower limb motion information through inertial measurement unit and predicts CoMH through artificial neural network to realize the tracking control of pelvic brace height. The proposed CoMH model was tested through rehabilitation training of hemiplegic patients. The results showed that the range of motion of the hip and knee joints on the affected side of the patient was improved by 25.0% and 31.4%, respectively, and the ratio of swing phase to support phase on the affected side was closer to that of the gait phase on the healthy side, as opposed to the traditional body weight support rehabilitation training model with fixed motion trajectory of pelvic brace. The motion trajectory of the pelvic brace in CoMH mode depends on the current state of the trainer so as to realize the walking training guided by active movement on the healthy side of hemiplegia patients. The strategy of dynamically adjustment of body weight support is more helpful to improve the efficiency of walking rehabilitation training.

Clinical effect of multi-oil fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition support in extremely low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of multi-oil fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition support in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 49 ELBW infants who were admitted from January 1, 2018 to July 30, 2020, with an age of ≤14 days on admission and a duration of parenteral nutrition of > 14 days. According to the type of lipid emulsion received, the ELBW infants were divided into two groups: soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOF) (@*RESULTS@#The 49 ELBW infants had a mean birth weight of (892±83) g and a mean gestational age of (28.2±2.3) weeks. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), grade Ⅲ BPD, sepsis, and pneumonia (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of multi-oil fat emulsion in ELBW infants does not reduce the incidence rate of complications, but compared with MCT/LCT emulsion, SMOF can reduce the severity of PNAC in ELBW infants.

Dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in diseased areas in Xi an City from 2014 to 2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the dynamic prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and levels of fluoride in drinking water after improvement of water in Xi an City, to provide scientific basis for water fluoridation improvement.@*Methods@#A total of 35 fluorosis endemic villages were selected as fixed monitor sites in 2014-2018, the ways of water improvement were surveyed, water fluorine content were detected and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years were examined.@*Results@#Rates of excess fluoride in drinking water from 2014 to 2018 were 22.86%, 14.29%,11.43%, 11.43% and 8.57%, the difference were significant(χ2=16.44, P<0.01).The dental fluorosis detection rates of children aged 8 to 12 years were 20.89%,18.22%,17.46%,18.13% and 16.76% in 2014-2018 which showed a obvious descending trend by year(χ2=10.02, P<0.01). The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 and 9 years showed a decreasing trend by year(χ2=6.53, 4.54, P<0.05).The difference of total rate of dental fluorisis,rate of mild cases rate of moderate-to-severe cases were statistically between the villages without qualified water and the villages with normal fluorine water(χ2=179.22, 167.93,10.35, P<0.01). The rate of detection in the villages with the water fluorine exceed standard in 2014-2018 showed a declining trend year by year(χ2=28.50, P<0.01). The detection rate were significant different across water improvement methods(χ2=197.76, P<0.01). Detection rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 2014 to 2018 in the areas with municipal water supply showed a decreasing after year(χ2=12.16, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The improvement of municipal water supply shows significant effects on water fluorosis control, the detection rate of water fluoride and children s dental fluorosis in some villages with the other ways of water improvement are still higher than expected, the continuously monitor of fluoride content in water and dental fluorosis in children should be strengthened.

Effect of Palmatine Binding to MYC G-quadruplex on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells and Molecular Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore whether palmatine interferes with the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer HCT116 cells by binding to G-quadruplex in the promoter region of MYC proto-oncogene and its possible molecular mechanism. Method:Fluorescence spectrum was used to analyze the binding ability of palmatine to MYC G-quadruplex. Circular dichroism analysis was conducted to confirm the effect of palmatine on the configuration of MYC G-quadruplex， followed by the prediction of their binding mode based on molecular docking and the localization analysis of palmatine in HCT116 cells under a fluorescence microscope. The effects of palmatine on MYC gene transcription and MYC protein expression were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot， respectively. The effects of palmatine on the viability and apoptosis of HCT116 cells were further assayed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay and flow cytometry. Result:As revealed by fluorescence spectrum and molecular docking analysis， palmatine might bind to G-quadruplex of MYC gene through stacking. Circular dichroism analysis showed that palmatine could maintain the parallel configuration of MYC<italic> </italic>G-quadruplex. It was discovered in fluorescence imaging that palmatine was distributed in the nucleus and bond to G-quadruplex of MYC gene. In addition， palmatine inhibited MYC gene transcription， MYC protein expression， as well as the viability of HCT116 cells， and promoted the apoptosis of HCT116 cells. Conclusion:Palmatine is able to bind to MYC G-quadruplex to further inhibit the expression of MYC gene and protein expression， which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of palmatine in suppressing the proliferation of colon cancer HCT116 cells and facilitating their apoptosis.

Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model / 中草药·英文版

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the quality marker (Q-Markers) of Sparganii Rhizoma against thrombus through an integration of investigations on its antithrombotic effect, content determination and spectrum-effect correlation analysis. Methods: Based on the concept of Q-Marker, Sparganii Rhizoma was investigated for the identification of chemical component. The pharmacological effects on arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish were also investigated. The material basis in ethanol extract was determined by HPLC-UV. Furthermore, the potential Q-Markers were analyzed and predicted according to the effect-chemical correlation analysis. Finally, the anti-thrombotic Q-Markers were verified through the anti-thrombotic test of monomer components. Results: The model of thrombosis zebrafish was established with larvae exposed to 100 µmol/L arachidonic acid for 1 h. Nine ingredients in Sparganii Rhizoma were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid. According to the determination effect of zebrafish thrombosis model and HPLC content analysis results, all the other contents present positive correlation except 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the P values of three representative potential Q-Markers (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were 0.002, 0.001 and 0.026, respectively. Conclusion: Sparganii Rhizoma showed a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of reducing cardiac red blood cell on zebrafish model. Three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were proved to possess the anti-thrombotic effects which could be regarded as the potential Q-Markers for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.

Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Beijing from 2015 to 2018 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Beijing from 2015 to 2018. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the monitoring data of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases, and to describe the main characteristics of the diseases. Results Average annual reported incidence was 227.64/100 000, accounting for 36.24% of the total reports and deaths of notifiable infectious diseases. Class B and C respiratory infectious diseases showed a downward and upward trend respectively. The epidemic trend and risk population of the six major infectious diseases were different. Conclusions The incidence and mortality of legal respiratory infectious diseases in Beijing increases year by year due to the sharp increase of influenza from 2015 to 2018, and the responsibility of prevention and control is great. Respiratory infectious diseases have different epidemic season and predisposing population. Different prevention and control measures should be taken according to the different epidemic characteristics of different diseases.

Clinical features of neonatal enterovirus infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of neonatal enterovirus infection, especially severe enterovirus infection.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 244 neonates with enterovirus infection. According to the severity of infection, they were divided into a common infection group with 231 neonates and a severe infection group with 13 neonates. Clinical features were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Of the 244 neonates, 207 (84.8%) developed the disease in May to October, with the highest number of patients in June to July. Compared with the common infection group, the severe infection group had a significantly lower gestational age at birth and a significantly higher proportion of preterm infants (P<0.05). Compared with the common infection group, the severe infection group had a significantly earlier onset time (P<0.05) and significantly higher incidence rates of skin petechiae and ecchymosis, respiratory symptoms, sepsis-like manifestations (poor appetite, crying less, and less movement), concomitant diseases (such as pneumonia, myocarditis, necrotic hepatitis, and coagulation disorder), thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, elevated creatine kinase-MB, and elevated alanine aminotransferase (P<0.05). The severe infection group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the common infection group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant differences in onset time, common clinical manifestations, and concomitant diseases between the neonates with common and severe enterovirus infection. In the enterovirus epidemic season, if the neonates have rashes and/or sepsis-like manifestations such as poor appetite and less movement, especially if the laboratory tests suggest liver damage and coagulation dysfunction, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the possibility of severe enterovirus infection.

Design and organization of neuroscience oriented training mode for medical postgraduates / 医学研究生学报

In order to promote the development of medical and biological fields and help the students trained under the existing system to form a clear overall view on neuroscience research, the author summarizes a systematic chart teaching method in the teaching process of neuroscience which helps the students understand easily. On the basis of theory studying, the article induces and interprets the priorities and hotspots in domestic neuroscience research, which not only cultivates students' interest and enthusiasm in scientific research but also facilitates the training process. It tries to seek the improvement of the education quality from the teachers' perspective and contribution and effectively inspire students' spontaneous excavation in research direction which combines mentor's research field and their own interest, leading students to innovate good learning habits constantly.

Real-time effect of adipose stem cells on fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblast co-stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To mainly explore the real-time effect of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on the fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and further clarify the possible pathway and mechanism of ASCs in regulating wound repair. Methods • By using two different real-time culture systems including Transwell system and contact co-culture system, events associated with fibrogenesis including the changes of fibroblast cell number or expression of collagen types and III detected by immunofluorescence or Western blotting in dermal fibroblasts at 72 h with/without the stimulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and/or ASCs were studied. Results • In Transwell system, the cell number of fibroblasts was significantly decreased under the stimulation of ASCs and TGF-β1, compared with TGF-β1 only group (P=0.035). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the numbers of fluorescence labeling fibroblasts in group with ASCs as basal cells were decreased, compared with group with fibroblast as basal cells (P=0.000). In terms of the collagen expression, in Transwell system, the amounts of collagen secretion from fibroblasts within the upper chamber were increased dramatically when fibroblasts were being co-cultured with ASCs (P=0.000). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the amounts of collagen secretion in the supernatant of cell culture in the group with ASCs as basal cells were increased, compared with the group with fibroblast as basal cells (P=0.000). Conclusion • ASCs may have an effect on fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulated by TGF-β1 through a paracrine and direct contact way. It not only increases collagen production and secretion, but also inhibits fibroblasts over-proliferation.

Alternaria yunnanensis sp. nov., a New Alternaria Species Causing Foliage Spot of Rubber Tree in China

A new species of Alternaria causing leaf spots on the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Yunnan, China, was isolated, examined, and illustrated. Morphologically, it belongs to the section Porri of Alternaria, which produces relatively large conidia and a simple or branched, filamentous long beak. It is, however, characterized by conidiophores gradually enlarging near the apex into a clavate conidiogenous cell and long ellipsoid to obclavate, smooth-walled conidia with a long filamentous beak. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA, GAPDH, and TEF1-alpha sequences demonstrate that the phytopathogen falls in the clade of the section Porri, being most closely related to A. sidae, A. sennae, A. deseriticola, A. cyamopsidis, A. rostellata, A. nitrimali, A. crassa, and A. thunbergiae.