A study on quality of Paridis Rhizoma and consideration on standards of Paridis Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

Thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis were integrated in current study to provide a basis for the quality evaluation and the standard improvement of Paridis Rhizoma(Chinese name: Chong-lou). The results demonstrated that the primary saponins in the two authorized sources of Paridis Rhizoma were polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ, while the rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii an adulterant of Paridis Rhizoma was rich of polyphyllin Ⅵ. Therefore, the apparent content of polyphyllin Ⅵ plays a determinant role towards the source authentication of raw materials and decoction slices of Paridis Rhizoma, whose adulterants frequently occur in the market. Moreover, the contents of polyphyllin Ⅵ in the two authorized sources could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, we suggested that polyphyllin Ⅵ should not be omitted from the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and on the other side, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ should be the eligible quality indicators. The study aims to sound information and evidences for the quality evaluation of Paridis Rhizoma, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the standard revision of Paridis Rhizoma in the future Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Comparative study on quality of decoction pieces of Saposhnikovia divaricata with different growth patterns and years and thinking of standard of decoction pieces of S. divaricata in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to compare the internal chemical composition and appearance indifferent growth patterns and years of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction pieces,which was applied to explore the effect of growth patterns and years on its quality. The appearance characteristic data of 55 batches of different growth patterns and years of S. divaricata were collected using PANTONE color card.High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cinmifugin,cimifugin,4-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The content of alcohol soluble extract and water-soluble extract were determined by hot-dip method. The content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The correlation between growth patterns and years and the contents of 4 chromones,extracts and volatile oil were analyzed by modern statistical methods. Also,the method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal pieces was developed by combining the growth patterns and years,appearance and chemical indexes. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects on the survival rate of RAW264. 7 cells at four different concentrations of chromones and LPS was used to stimulate well-growing RAW264. 7 cells to establish an inflammatory model. The contents of NO and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by NO test kit and ELISA method. The contents of alcohol soluble extracts and water-soluble extracts in different growth patterns and years are: wild products<perennial cultivation<annual cultivation; the contents of volatile oil are: wild products>perennial cultivation>annual cultivation; the contents of four chromones are: wild products>perennial cultivation and annual cultivation. There was no significant difference between the sum of the two indexes in the Pharmacopoeia of perennial cultivation and wild products. 4 chromones showed no toxicity to RAW264. 7 cells at 5 mg·L-1. The release of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by 4 chromones and the anti-inflammatory effect of cimifugin was the best. In summary,there are obvious differences in appearance characteristics,internal quality and effects between different growth patterns and years. It showed that the wild products were superior to the perennial cultivation and the perennial cultivation was superior to the annual cultivation. In order to alleviate the shortage of wild S. divaricata resources,it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard should increase the character of decoction pieces of perennial cultivation,and properly raise the limit requirement of the sum of the two indexes in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to ensure the clinical demands and effect.

Phosphorylation residue T175 in RsbR protein is required for efficient induction of sigma B factor and survival of Listeria monocytogenes under acidic stress / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Listeria monocytogenes is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen that can tolerate a number of environmental stresses. RsbR, an upstream regulator of the sigma B (SigB) factor, is thought to sense environmental challenges and trigger the SigB pathway. In Bacillus subtilis, two phosphorylation sites in RsbR are involved in activating the SigB pathway and a feedback mechanism, respectively. In this study, the role of RsbR in L. monocytogenes under mild and severe stresses was investigated. Strains with genetic deletion (ΔrsbR), complementation (C-ΔrsbR), and phosphorylation site mutations in the rsbR (RsbR-T175A, RsbR-T209A, and RsbR-T175A-T209A) were constructed to evaluate the roles of these RsbR sequences in listerial growth and survival. SigB was examined at the transcriptional and translational levels. Deletion of rsbR reduced listerial growxth and survival in response to acidic stress. Substitution of the phosphorylation residue RsbR-T175A disabled RsbR complementation, while RsbR-T209A significantly upregulated SigB expression and listerial survival. Our results provide clear evidence that two phosphorylation sites of RsbR are functional in L. monocytogenes under acidic conditions, similar to the situation in B. subtilis.

EffectandMechanismof EZH1/2 InhibitorUNC1999onHepatocellularCarcinomaCell： aPreliminaryStudy / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#The aim of this study was to detect the effect and mechanism of EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC- 7721.【Methods】Two groups including DMSO group（control group）and UNC1999 group were treated with different concentration of DMSO and UNC1999 for different time，respectively，then OD values were detected by using CCK- 8 kit to screen the appropriate action concentration and time of UNC1999. Cell proliferation rate was detected with EdU（5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine）Cell Proliferation Kit. The clone formation ability of cell was investigated by clone formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the ability of migration and invasion. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. RNA-seq was performed to detect the cell transcriptomics. qRT-PCR was conducted to investigate the related genes，including EZH1，EZH2 and NECTIN4. Western blot was conducted to detect the expression of EZH1 ，EZH2 and H3K27me3. 【Results】 Compared with the control group ，the UNC1999 group showed lower cell proliferation，inhibited ability of migration and invasion（P < 0.05）. In UNC1999 group，G0/1 block occurred in the cell cycle（P<0.05），while cell apoptosis had no significant change（P > 0.05）.【Conclusion】UNC1999 could inhibit HCC by suppressing the expression of EZH1 and EZH2 both in protein level，as well as their function of catalyzing histone methylation. EZH1 and EZH2 play important roles in HCC，which may be potential targets for HCC treatment. UNC1999 could significantly promote the expression of NECTIN4 isoform which has been reported to be associated with the response to anti-cancer drug ，suggesting that the combination of EZH1/2 inhibitor and anti-cancer drug may exert greater effect of inhibiting HCC. This can provide a new idea for clinical drug treatment of liver cancer.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Ephedra / 中国天然药物

The genus Ephedra of the Ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout Asia, America, Europe, and North Africa. These Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ephedra species to unveil opportunities for future research. Comprehensive information on the Ephedra species was collected by electronic search (e.g., GoogleScholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and phytochemical books. The chemical compounds isolated from the Ephedra species include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and others. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, and diuretic activities. After chemical and pharmacological profiling, current research is focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive activity of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor activity of flavonoids.

Proteomics and its application to determine mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

There is no doubt that the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is effective, practical and scientific after it was used for thousands of years. However, the mechanisms of action of many TCM are still unclear because of their multi-component, multi-target and multi-level features, which hinder the modernization and internationalization of the TCM. Proteomics is to analyze the composition and activity of intracellular proteins which are changing dynamically from a holistic perspective. It is consistent with the holistic and dynamic views of the TCM and brings about the hope of clarifying the mechanism of action of the TCM. In recent years, great progress has been made in the application of proteomics to determine the mechanism of the TCM. This article introduced the core technologies of proteomics and systematically summarized the applications of proteomics in the study of the mechanism of the Chinese medicinal formulae, single Chinese medicine and monomeric compounds from the TCM to provide innovative ideas and methods for reference.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Ephedra / 中国天然药物

The genus Ephedra of the Ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout Asia, America, Europe, and North Africa. These Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ephedra species to unveil opportunities for future research. Comprehensive information on the Ephedra species was collected by electronic search (e.g., GoogleScholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and phytochemical books. The chemical compounds isolated from the Ephedra species include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and others. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, and diuretic activities. After chemical and pharmacological profiling, current research is focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive activity of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor activity of flavonoids.

Effects and safety analysis of patient controlled brachial plexus nerve block analgesia after pediatric upper limb operation / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of patient controlled intravenous analgesia and patient controlled brachial plexus block in the prevention of postoperative pain in children with upper limb operation.Methods Totally 80 children with upper limb surgery were randomly divided into two groups:patient controlled intravenous analgesia group (PI group) and patient controlled brachial plexus block group(PN group),with 40 patients in each group.The dynamic pain score,static pain score,sedation score,sleep quality score,parent satisfaction score,and adverse reaction of the two groups were recorded.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the static pain score(P ＞ 0.05).The dynamic pain score of PN group was better than that of PI group within 24 hours,and the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The difference was statistically significant in the comparison of sedation score between the two groups within 6 hours (P ＜ 0.05),but the difference was not statistically significant after 6 hours (P ＞ 0.05).PN group was better than PI group in terms of sleep quality,parent satisfaction and adverse reaction incidence,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patient controlled brachial plexus block can provide a more satisfactory analgesic effect for children after surgery with low incidence of adverse reactions and higher safety,which is conducive to early functional exercise in children.

T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging for liver fibrosis detection and staging / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective· To investigate the value of three-dimensional spin-lattice relaxation (T1ρ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for liver fibrosis detection and staging and compare with two-dimentional real-time shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods · Twenty-nine rabbit models of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis were established and six untreated rabbits served as controls. T1ρ MRI and two-dimentional real-time SWE examinations were performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, respectively. T1ρ values and liver stiffness (LS) values were measured. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system. Correlation test was performed among T1ρ values, LS values and fibrosis staging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance of T1ρ and SWE in detection of fibrosis. Results · There was a moderate positive correlation between fibrosis staging and T1ρ values (r=0.566, P=0.000), and a significantly positive correlation between fibrosis staging and LS values (r=0.726, P=0.003).Areas under ROC were 0.861 for SWE and 0.856 for T1ρ(P=0.940),0.906 for SWE and 0.849 for T1ρ(P=0.414),0.870 for SWE and 0.799 for T1ρ (P=0.422), and 0.846 for SWE and 0.692 for T1ρ (P=0.137), when diagnosing liver fibrosis with ≥?F1, ≥?F2, ≥?F3 and F4 stage, respectively. Conclusion · T1ρ imaging has potential for liver fibrosis detection and staging with good diagnostic capability similar to that of SWE.

Biomedical effects of TRIP-Br2 / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

TRIP-Br2 (transcriptional regulator interacting with the PHD zinc finger and/or the bromodomain 2) is a kind of cell cycle regulator, which can specifically bind to transcription factor DP-1 (DRTF-1-polypeptide-1) and participate in E2F-1 (E2 factor-1)/DP-1-mediated transcriptional proliferative activities and maintain genome stability. As for energy metabolism, overexpression of TRIP-Br2 activates E2F-1/DP-1-mediated cell cycle regulation,leading to decreased genomic stability and promoting oncogenesis. High levels of TRIP-Br2 can induce brown adipocytes to release inflammatory factors and acute phase response proteins, producing inflammatory responses and acute phase responses. This paper summarizes the molecular structure of TRIPBr2 and its biological role in proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation.

Biomedical effects of TRIP-Br2 / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

TRIP-Br2 (transcriptional regulator interacting with the PHD zinc finger and/or the bromodomain 2) is a kind of cell cycle regulator, which can specifically bind to transcription factor DP-1 (DRTF-1-polypeptide-1) and participate in E2F-1 (E2 factor-1)/DP-1-mediated transcriptional proliferative activities and maintain genome stability. As for energy metabolism, overexpression of TRIP-Br2 activates E2F-1/DP-1-mediated cell cycle regulation,leading to decreased genomic stability and promoting oncogenesis. High levels of TRIP-Br2 can induce brown adipocytes to release inflammatory factors and acute phase response proteins, producing inflammatory responses and acute phase responses. This paper summarizes the molecular structure of TRIPBr2 and its biological role in proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation.

Role of ERK5 in platelet activation in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5(ERK5) in platelet aggrega-tion in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo. METHODS:The expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK5 in human platelet were detected by Western blot. The effects of ERK5 selective inhibitor XMD8-92 on platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion were detected by Chrono-Log aggregometer. The effect of ERK5 on in vivo thrombosis was analyzed using an FeCl3artery thrombosis model. The effects of XMD8-92 on protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) phosphorylation levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:ERK5 was stably expressed in human platelets and its phosphorylation level increased significantly after platelet activation (P<0.05). XMD8-92,a selective inhibitor of ERK5,inhibited platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion in response to several platelet stimulators (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that XMD8-92 inhibited Akt phosphorylation level by down-regulating PTEN Ser370 phosphorylation and enhancing PTEN activity. The pathway was further confirmed u-sing platelet specific PTEN deficiency mice. The first occlusion time was obviously extended in the mice intravenously given XMD8-92 in the FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury model. CONCLUSION:ERK5 plays a role in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis by influencing PTEN and Akt phosphorylation.

Clinical observation on treating severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective This research is to observe the treatment effects of hip bath and oxygen blowing on severe neonatal diaper rash.Methods 289 neonates with severe diaper rash were randomly divided into three groups.91 cases in the flat tube group,102 cases in the round tube group and 96 cases in the control group.Three groups of neonates were cleaned on the hips and perineuma after poops and then dried with wet tissues and Mupirocin Ointment.The control group was treated with the above-mentioned method.The oxygen blowing groups were treated with hip bath of 1:5000 chameleon solution twice a day.Blowing the hips with oxygen five minutes every time after hip bath.The method of blowing oxygen was that oxygen humidifying containers as normal oxygen aspiration facilities was not filled with water,whose oxygen flowing volume standed at 10 L/min and whose tube blew at the afflicted parts until being dry.The oxygen blower held the oxygen exit and blowed at the afflicted parts in the round tube group and the oxygen blower flattened the oxygen exit and blew at the afflicted parts in the fiat tube group.The treatment effects will be compared among the three groups four days later.Results The cure period of the round tube group was obviously shorter than that of the control group,and the cure period of the fiat tube group was remarkably shorter than that of the round tube group.The total effective rate in the round tube group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the total effective rate in the fiat tube group was obviously higher than that in the round tube group.The difference had a statistical significance.Conclusions The treatment effects for the severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing are remarkable and the oxygen blowing effects with fiat tubes are better than those with round tubes.

Gene rearrangement pattern of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (Ig/TR) and its clinical characteristics in children with SET-NUP214 fusion gene-positive leukemia/lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gene rearrangement pattern of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (Ig/TR) and its clinical characteristics in three children with SET-NUP214 fusion gene positive leukemia/lymphoma. The transcript of SET-NUP214 fusion gene was detected by RT-nested PCR. The pattern of Ig/TR gene rearrangement was analyzed by using the BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR assays. Allelic-specific primers were designed for further monitoring the minimal residual disease (MRD). The results indicated that the fusion site located between exon 7 of SET and exon 18 of NUP214 at mRNA level in the three patients. The diagnoses were made as the mixed phenotype of acute leukemia (MPAL) for patients 1, acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) for patients 2, and stage IV T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) for patients 3, respectively. Patient 1 responded to chemotherapy very poorly and relapsed at month 6 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patient 2 had high MRD (> 10(-2)) at the end of inducing remission therapy (day 33) which implied poor outcome, and died of toxic epidermal necrolysis and sequent serious infection. Patient 3 achieved hematological complete remission (CR) and MRD negative at day 15 and day 33 respectively. The duration of CR lasted for 30 months. Clonal TR gene rearrangements were detected in all the three patients. The rearrangements of TRD, TRG and TRB were found in patient 1 and 3. The rearrangements of TRD, TRB, IgH and IgK Kde were detected in patient 2. All the 6 TRB rearrangements detected were incomplete rearrangements, whereas 85.7% and 14.3% of the TRD, and TRG rearrangements were complete and incomplete, respectively. It is concluded that the transformation of SET-NUP214(+) leukemia/lymphoma cells may occur after the rearrangements of TRD and TRG and shortly after TRB rearrangement. The leukemia/lymphoma cells of patient 1 and 2 are more immature which may be related with poor outcome or response to chemotherapy.

Clinical factors related to bone metastases from breast cancer / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical and imaging features of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer and identify the factors related to the incidence of bone metastases. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four patients with breast cancer were recruited into this study. Whole-body 99Tcm-methylene disphosphonate (MDP) bone scan, clinical staging, pathological, immunohistochemical and serological test results were analyzed retrospectively. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence rate of bone metastases for patients with and without lymph node metastases was 71% (152/214) and 22. 5% (27/120), respectively (χ2 =72.80, P =0.000). The incidence rate of bone metastases from infiltrated non-specified and specified breast cancer was 69% (203/294) and 41.7% (5/12), respectively (χ2 =3. 97, P=0.046). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was elevated in 28.5% (51/179) and 14.9%(11/74) of patients with and without bone metastases, respectively (χ2 = 5. 25, P = 0.022 ). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3, CA125, CA19-9 increased in 68.7% ( 123/179) and 27.0% (20/74) of patients with and without bone metastases, respectively (χ2 = 37. 03, P =0. 000). Conclusions The incidence of bone metastases from breast cancer is correlated to pathological types of primary tumor and lymph node metastases. Bone metastases occurs more frequently in patients with infiltrated, non-specified, primary cancer and with lymph node metastases. Serum ALP, CEA, CA15-3,CA125, CA19-9 might be the tumor makers for early diagnosis of bone metastases from breast cancer.

Research advance in role of ROS in cardioprotection offered by preconditioning or postconditioning / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play an important role in the cardiac ischemic and reperfusion injury.However,accumulating evidences have demonstrated that ROS are pivotal components of redox signaling cascade relevant to cardioprotection induced by either preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review,the definition, source and detection methods of ROS are introduced.Besides,the role of ROS in the cardioprotection offered by preconditioning or postconditioning and the effects of either preconditioning or postconditioning on ROS are summarized.

Diversity and stability study on rice mutants induced in space environment / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

To further study the characteristics of changes on the molecular level of rice mutants induced in space environment, we analyzed proteins in leaves and seeds of four rice mutants (two high-tillering and two low-tillering) in the 8(th) and 9(th) generations after a 15-day spaceflight, and compared with their ground controls by two-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). In addition, the albumin, globulin, prolamine, glutelin, and amylose of the mutant seeds were analyzed by RPLC and ultra-violet spectrometry. The results showed that the low-abundance proteins of leaves in the peak tillering stage are more likely to be induced compared with their corresponding controls. The albumin, globulin, and prolamine of the mutant seeds revealed changes when compared with their controls, and the characteristics of changes in different mutants were stably inherited in the 8(th) and 9(th) generations, suggesting that they can be used as bio markers to identity the mutants induced by spaceflight. Moreover, two proteins (SSP9111 and SSP6302) were found to be expressed with high intensity (two-fold change) in different mutants, which were both correlated with photosystem according to mass spectrometry and database searching.

CT image features of 46 cases with pneumonic-type lung cancers / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the CT image features of pneumonic-type lung cancer and to reduce misdiagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CT findings of 46 patients with pneumonic-type lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed, and CT image in the differential diagnosis of this special kind of disease was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the extent of lesion, these cases were divided into two groups: multi-lobe consolidation group and single lobe consolidation group. The lesions in the latter group located in the upper, middle or lower lobe, respectively. Twenty-nine cases had homogeneous consolidation lesion, 14 cases showed single or multiple cysts and cavities in the lesions, 3 cases exhibited localized low density in the lesion. Forty-one cases shown the sign of air bronchogram with presentation of narrow air bronchogram in 25 of those. Forty cases showed well or ill defined ground-glass opacitiy surrounding the consolidation lesion. Fifteen cases had multi-nodules or opacities distributed in centrilobular or centric bronchiolar location. Of the 30 patients who received contrast medium, 23 showed distinct enhancement, and 7 showed indistinct enhancement with a positive CT angiogram.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CT findings including lower lobe distribution, homogeneous consolidation, narrow air bronchogram, well defined ground-glass and CT angiogram are helpful in differentiating pneumonic-type lung cancer from various kinds of infection. However, most of CT manifestations of pneumonic-type lung cancer are not specific. Therefore, it's necessary to combine CT findings with other clinical data when making diagnosis.</p>

Discussion on the Information Literacy Education for Medical University Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article puts forward the basic contents,the necessity and meanings of carrying out the information literacy education for the medical university students.It points out some measures in the information literacy education.

Unconditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dalian / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by various factors,such as environmental factor,inherited factor,etc.,and its cause isn't very clear now. This study aims to investigate the risk factors mentioned above in the onset of diabetes mellitus, and is of significance in the first and second grade of prevention of diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus to provide evidence for the proper intervention of it.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on diagnosis.SETTING: Department of epidemiology in a university and department of endocrinology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The subjects were residents who have resided in town and country of Dalian for more than 5 years and were elder than 40 years old. The method of stratified cluster random sampling was carried out among natural persons who were divided into two groups according to city and country. Totally 2 500 persons were taken in total and 1 250 persons were from each group. The subjects who had been diagnosed as diabetes mellitus were included.METHODS: Questionnaire survey was employed for all the subjects, including physical examinations such as height,weight,waist girth,hip girth,blood pressure,blood glucose,etc. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken as the case group and the normal was as the control group. The unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Unconditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus with single factor analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Family history of diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.339),obesity[body mass index(BMI),OR = 1.462],systolic pressure(OR = 1.016),hyperlipidemia(OR = 1.615), age(OR = 1.043) were the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION: Family history of diabetes mellitus, increase of systolic pressure,obesity,high blood lipid and age are the risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. For all communities,control of body mass and high blood pressure is an important way to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.