ABSTRACT
Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Alanine Transaminase , Blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood , Bile Acids and Salts , Blood , Metabolism , Biomarkers , Blood , Carbon Tetrachloride , Pharmacology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Chromatography, Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Liver , Pathology , Mass Spectrometry , Metabolome , Metabolomics , Rats, Wistar , Taurocholic Acid , Blood , Taurodeoxycholic Acid , BloodABSTRACT
Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Alanine Transaminase , Blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood , Bile Acids and Salts , Blood , Metabolism , Biomarkers , Blood , Carbon Tetrachloride , Pharmacology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Chromatography, Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Liver , Pathology , Mass Spectrometry , Metabolome , Metabolomics , Rats, Wistar , Taurocholic Acid , Blood , Taurodeoxycholic Acid , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of p57 and p53 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of hydropic abortion, partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical stains (EnVision method) for p57 and p53 were performed in tissue samples of normal placenta chorionic villi (n=10), abortion chorionic villi (n=12), partial hydatidiform (n=23) and complete hydatidiform moles (n=20).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of p57 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of villous cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells. The positive rates of p57 in normal placenta, hydropic abortion and partial hydatidiform mole were 10/10, 12/12, and 100% (23/23), respectively, with no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). However, none of the complete hydatidiform moles analyzed exhibited p57 positivity in cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells. There was a significant difference between partial and complete hydatidiform moles (P<0.05). The expression of p53 was observed in the nuclei of cytotrophoblastic cells and intermediate trophoblasts. No p53 expression was seen in normal placenta and only 1 of 12 hydropic abortion showed p53 positivity. The positive rates of p53 expression in partial and complete hydatidiform mole were 60.9% (14/23) and 85.0% (17/20) respectively. It was significantly higher in partial hydatidiform mole than that in hydropic abortion. A significant difference was also found between partial and complete hydatidiform moles (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings confirm that p57 immunohistochemistry assists the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole from partial hydatidiform mole. Expression of p53 may be helpful in distinguishing partial hydatidiform mole from hydropic abortion.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abortion, Spontaneous , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 , Metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Hydatidiform Mole , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Stromal Cells , Metabolism , Trophoblasts , Metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Metabolism , Uterine Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
The present study investigated the relationship between DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. The dose-survival relationship for NPC cell lines, CNE1 and CNE2, was analyzed using clonogenic formation assay, the activity of DNA-PK of the two cell lines was measured using the Signa TECT DNA-PK assay kit, and the localization and expression of Kus (a heterodimer) and DNA-PKcs protein in CNE1 and CNE2 before irradiation and 15 min, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after 4 Gy irradiation were analyzed by immunofluorescence, laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and Western blot. The results showed that the surviving fraction of CNE1 was higher than that of CNE2 at each dose. The DNA-PK activity of CNE1 was also significantly higher than that of CNE2 before and after irradiation (P<0.05), while the expression of total Ku70/Ku80 in CNE1 and CNE2 had no significant difference. Increasing translocation of Ku70 and Ku80 from the cytoplasm to the nuclei in the two cell lines was observed with increase of irradiation time as detected by Western blot, and the immunofluorescence of the DNA-PK complex subunits showed greater nuclear translocation in CNE1 than CNE2 after irradiation. The results suggest that the relatively higher radio-resistance of CNE1 correlates with the higher activity of DNA-PK as compared to that of more radiosensitive CNE2 (or lower radio-resistance) before and after irradiation. Thus, DNA-PK activity may be a useful predictor of radiosensitivity of NPC.