ABSTRACT
@#Coronavirus is an important pathogen of humans and animals. Among them, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breaking out in 2019 has brought a fatal threat to human health. The host"s innate immune response is the host"s first line of defense against pathogen invasion, but an excessive immune response can also aggravate viral infection and pathological damage. The immune escape of coronavirus is a critical pathogenic mechanism causing death. This work mainly reviews the pathogenic mechanism of coronavirus immune escape from several aspects such as host immunosensor, interferon, cytokine and coronavirus antagonizing host immune response, which provide a theoretical reference for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs.
ABSTRACT
Antiviral nucleoside drugs represented by zidovudine, lamivudine, telbivudine, ribavirin, etc. have become the first choice drugs for clinical treatment of viral diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis B, herpes. However, the above drugs not only can inhibit virus replication, they can also interfere with the host mitochondrial mtDNA replication through similar mechanisms, leading to mitochondrial toxicity-related adverse reactions. Therefore, both the routine safety evaluation and mitochondrial toxicity evaluation are required for the development of nucleoside drugs. The research progress of mitochondrial toxicity evaluation models of nucleoside drugs are summarized for reference.
ABSTRACT
@#Autophagy is a conserved self-defense mechanism of organism, degrading the necrotic organelles and excess protein into small molecules for recycling. Autophagy plays a role in both physiological and pathological condition, influencing the expression of intracellular substance through multiple signaling pathways. Although it has been demonstrated that Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway was not only extensively involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, but was also implicated in autophagy and autophagic cell death, though its detailed mechanisms involved in regulation of autophagy has not been fully elucidated yet. This review focused on the advances of autophagy induced by Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, to better understand the role of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in regulation of autophagy.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we successfully expanded a full length gene encoding the monooxygenase eytochrome P450 2C9 gene from human liver of Chinese Han by RT-PCR. Our findings indicated that except G-->T mutation at the 190th nucleotide site, the other nucleotide sequences are completely consistent with CYP2C9 (NM017460) in GenBank. The SDS-PAGE and Western-Blot analysis showed that the CYP 2C9 gene was successfully expressed in the host cell E. coli BL21 (DE3). Our current study lays the foundation for the evaluation of pre-clinical drug metabolism and safety in the future.