ABSTRACT
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a well-known microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DPN is defined as peripheral nerve dysfunction in diabetics after exclusion of other causes. To assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM and the associated risk factors among in outpatients department in a south Indian hospital. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 868 subjects (509 with DPN and 359 without DPN). Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was measured and risk factors for the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy were determined by calculating odds ratios and drug utilization pattern was assessed. The prevalence of DPN in T2DM was significantly higher in the subjects who are married, uneducated, housewives, and urban residents. Many associated risk factors could affect T2DM leading to DPN such as hypertension, other diseases, endocrine diseases, history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), >9 HbA1c, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL), high serum creatinine, long duration of diabetes, physical inactivity, and habit of taking junk foods (weekly once and weekly twice, soft drinks occasionally). The present study revealed that risk factors for the development of DPN were hypertension, endocrine diseases, history of CVD, poor glycemic control (>9 HbA1c), low HDL, high serum creatinine, long duration of diabetes, physical inactivity, habit of taking junk foods and soft drinks. Early detection of the identification of DPN in T2DM is needed in order to slow progression and complications. Metformin (40.47%), combination of glimepiride and metformin (29.93%), combination of human insulin and insulin isophane (22.7%) were mostly given to the T2DM patients with neuropathy
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the current study was to assess the level of medication adherence, quality of life, risk factors for better treatment outcomes and to improve patient quality of life by giving TB education. Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on 278 patients (139 tubercular patientsand 139 health volunteers).A data collection form of various socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and co-morbid conditions for tuberculosis were collected. The quality of life(QOL) was assessed by interviewing the subjects using WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire. Morisky –8 item medication Adherence Questionnaire was used for assessing adherence.Results:In a total of 139 TB patients, high adherence (60.06%), medium adherence (20.86%) and low adherence (10.07%) are reported. WHOQOL-BREF mean domain scores were physical health (54.10±12.33), psychologicalhealth (51.73±16.24),social health (62.04±15.35) and environmental health (57.14±16.90) respectively. In present study male (67.63%) are higher than females (32.37%). Risk factors observed in study were statistically significant and discussed inpresent study.Conclusions:This study showed that the MMAS-8 had good reliability and validity for measuring adherence levels in rural TB patients. There was a high level of adherence to anti-TB treatment was seen in study area. WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire had good reliability and validity for measuring quality of life and Improved quality of life observed in patients with high adherence to anti tubercular drugs. Risk factors such as age, education, locality, food habits, income, smoking and alcoholism are independently associated with Tuberculosis
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is a global problem and increases in case rates are occurring not only in the developing countries of the world but also in several industrialized nations. There has also been an alarming increase in the number and proportion of cases caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to multiple first-line drugs. The increase in multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis has re-taught physicians about the importance of pursuing and ensuring treatment until cure. In many low-income and middle-income countries, TB continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and drug-resistant TB is a major concern in many settings. This article offers an overview of types, diagnosis and management of TB.