Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Sarcopenic obesity is associated with disability in older people, especially in women. Resistance exercises are recommended for this population, but their efficacy is not clear. Objective To evaluate the effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity. Method Twenty-eight women 65 to 80 years old, with a body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and handgrip strength ≤21kg were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-week resistance exercise program designed to improve strength, power, and endurance of lower-limb muscles, with open chain and closed chain exercises. The control group had their health status monitored through telephone calls. The primary outcomes were lower limb muscle performance measured by knee extensor strength, power and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry, and mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and by gait velocity. The secondary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 Questionnaire. Results The average rate of adherence was 85%, with few mild adverse effects. There were no significant between-group differences for any of the outcomes. Conclusion In this study, a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component was not effective for improving the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.

Fuentes naturales de fitoesteroles y factores de producción que lo modifican / Natural sources of phytosterols and production factors that modify them

Actualmente los fitoesteroles son adicionados a los alimentos industrializados, lo que aumenta su costo y por lo tanto limita su consumo. Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo identificar alimentos que son una fuente natural de fitoesteroles, así como también analizar cómo el ambiente y el manejo productivo modifican su contenido, relacionando estos aspectos con la salud. Los fitoesteroles son compuestos presentes en las plantas con propiedades hipocolesterolémicas, que pueden contribuir a prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La ingesta diaria estimada de fitoesteroles varía entre 160 y 500 mg/día, sin embargo su acción beneficiosa se logra con consumos de 1500 mg a 2400 mg diarios. Las semillas de oleaginosas y de cereales son las mayores fuentes naturales de fitoesteroles. El amaranto es considerado un pseudocereal y entre los cereales tiene la mayor concentración de fitoesteroles con 178 mg/100 g, valor 5 veces superior al de la harina de trigo. El ambiente modifica el contenido de fitoesteroles de los alimentos, la sequía y temperaturas altas duplican su contenido en las semillas; la fertilización nitrogenada y la fecha de siembra pueden provocar cambios, pero se requieren más estudios al respecto. La selección de genotipos con mayor contenido de fitoesteroles y el estudio de la interacción genotipo ambiente, permitirá la identificación de aquellos genotipos con adaptación local para este carácter. El manejo productivo podrá aumentar la oferta de alimentos naturales ricos en fitoesteroles, contribuyendo a una mayor oferta de alimentos protectores de la salud(AU)

Currently phytosterols are added to processed foods, which increase their cost and therefore limits its use. This manuscript aims to identify foods that are a natural source of phytosterols, as well as analyze how the environment and production management modify its content, linking these aspects with health. Phytosterols are compounds found in plants with hypocholesterolemic properties, which may help prevent cardiovascular diseases. The estimated daily intake of phytosterols varies between 160 and 500 mg/day, but its beneficial effect is achieved with 1,500 to 2,400 mg daily consumption. Oil and cereal seeds are the largest natural sources of phytosterols. Amaranth is considered a pseudocereal and among the cereals has the highest concentration of phytosterols with 178 mg/100 g, value 5 times higher than wheat flour. Environment modifies phytosterol content in food, drought and high temperatures can double their content in seeds; nitrogen fertilization and planting date can cause changes, but more studies are needed. The selection of genotypes with higher phytosterol content and studying the genotype x environment interaction, allow the identification of those genotypes with local adaptation for this character. The production management will increase the supply of natural foods rich in phytosterols, contributing to a greater supply of health protective foods(AU)

Prevalencia da retinopatia da prematuridade em recem-nascidos de muito baixo peso / Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da retinopatia da prematuridade (RP) em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso (RN-MBP) (P<1500g). Métodos: Foram examinados prospectivamente 102 RN-MBP admitidos no BA M-HC (FMUSP), nascidos no período de 01 de janeiro de 1992 a 31 de dezembro de 1993. O mapeamento de retina, com depressäo escleral, foi realizado inicialmente entre 3 a 8 semanas de vida pós-natal e repetido a cada 1 a 4 semanas, até que a vascularizaçäo da retina se completasse ou a RP se estabelecesse. Para a classificaçäo da RP, foram utilizados os critérios da "International Classification of ROP", e, para análise estatística, considerou-se a retinopatia mais grave que o RN apresentou na sua evoluçäo. Resultados: Nesta casuística, verificou-se RP em 29,90 por cento dos casos, em 78,5 por cento dos RN com peso inferior a 1.000g. e em 72,73 por cento dos RN com idade gestacional inferior a 30 semanas...

Evoluçäo dos níveis de pressäo arterial sistêmica no período neonatal em recém-nascidos de termo adequados para a idade gestacional / Evolution of systemic arterial blood pressure during neonatal period in term newborns adequate for gestacional age

Os autores estudaram a evoluçäo dos níveis médios de pressäo arterial sistêmica (PAS) sistólica, média e diastólica em RNT-AIG durante o primeiro mês de vida, utilizando a técnica de oscilometria, com monitor näo invasivo de pressäo arterial. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, em que foram acompanhados apenas RN com Apgar de 1§ minuto > 7, sem intercorrências clínicas e sem uso de drogas com possíveis efeitos sobre a PA. Foram medidos os valores de PA sistólica, média e diastólica na 12ª hora de vida e no 3§, 7§, 14§ e 28§ dias de vida. Demonstraram que existe uma elevaçäo dos níveis de PA no RN estatísticamente significante do 1§ ao 3§ dia e entre este e o 7§ dia de vida. A partir da primeira semana de vida, até o final do 1§ mês, essas modificaçöes näo foram significativas.