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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 2016. [134] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870896

ABSTRACT

Os resultados do aumento da frequência fundamental após diminuição do comprimento da porção vibratória das pregas vocais pela realização de sinéquia na região anterior da glote são variáveis, e não é estabelecida a extensão ideal de tal sinéquia nas técnicas cirúrgicas para aumentar a frequência vocal. Comparou-se neste estudo a elevação da frequência fundamental do som produzido por laringes humanas excisadas de cadáveres após realização de diferentes extensões de sinéquia glótica anterior, correspondentes a » (25%), 1/3 (33%) e ½ (50%) do comprimento da prega vocal. Além disso, verificou-se a correlação entre as frequências fundamentais anterior e posteriores aos experimentos com tais diferentes extensões de sinéquia glótica anterior para formular modelos matemáticos que estimem a frequência fundamental obtida após o procedimento. Os padrões de vibração das pregas vocais foram avaliados qualitativamente por videolaringoscopia e videoquimografia digital com câmera de alta velocidade. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo experimental com 21 laringes humanas excisadas de cadáveres masculinos adultos. O som glótico foi artificialmente produzido com a colocação de ar comprimido pela traqueia, passando pelas pregas vocais. A frequência fundamental e os parâmetros da videoquimografia digital foram obtidos previamente (controle) e após realização de pontos que mimetizaram uma sinéquia glótica anterior de », 1/3 e ½ do comprimento das pregas vocais em todas as laringes, simulando uma das técnicas cirúrgicas para aumento da frequência vocal, a glotoplastia de Wendler. RESULTADOS: A frequência fundamental média foi distinta entre as diferentes extensões de sinéquia glótica anterior (P < 0,001), e observou-se aumento progressivo, significativo a cada ampliação da extensão da sinéquia na glote (P < 0,05), tanto em hertz quanto em semitons. Os modelos de regressão que estimam a frequência fundamental após os procedimentos mostraram melhor...


After anterior glottic web formation to decrease the length of the vibrating portion of the vocal folds, the degree of increase in fundamental frequency is variable. The ideal extent of such a web in surgical approaches aimed at raising the vocal pitch has not been established. This study compared the increase in the fundamental frequency of sound produced by excised human larynges after the formation of anterior glottic webs of varying extents (25%, 33%, and 50% of the length the vocal fold). In addition, the correlation between the fundamental frequencies before and after the experiments with the various extents of anterior glottic web formation was verified in order to create mathematical models designed to estimate the change in fundamental frequency obtained after the procedure. The vibration patterns of the vocal folds were evaluated qualitatively by laryngoscopy and by kymography with a highspeed digital camera. METHOD: We conducted an experimental study on 21 normal larynges excised from adult male human cadavers. Laryngeal vibration was artificially produced and was recorded by high speed videoendoscopy and digital kymography for analysis. The fundamental frequency and digital videokymography parameters were obtained before (as a control) and after the formation of anterior glottic webs occupying 25%, 33%, and 50% of the vocal folds, simulating a surgical technique to increase the vocal frequency, Wendler glottoplasty. RESULTS: The mean fundamental frequency differed among the various extents of anterior glottic web formation (P < 0.001), and there were significant increases from one extent to the next (P < 0.05), in hertz as well as in semitones. Regression models to estimate post-procedure fundamental frequency showed better coefficients of determination (r2) for smaller web extents. There was no aperiodic vibration in any of the experiments. The changes in glottal closure/phase and amplitude symmetry did not follow any...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cadaver , Clinical Trial , Laryngoscopy , Larynx , Speech Acoustics , Speech Perception , Speech Production Measurement , Voice , Voice Quality
2.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 17(3): 347-350, July-Sept. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680081

ABSTRACT

Eagle's syndrome is characterized by cervicopharyngeal signs and symptoms associated with elongation of the styloid apophysis. This elongation may occur through ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or through growth of the apophysis due to osteogenesis triggered by a factor such as trauma. Elongation of the styloid apophysis may give rise to intense facial pain, headache, dysphagia, otalgia, buzzing sensations, and trismus. Precise diagnosis of the syndrome is difficult, and it is generally confounded by other manifestations of cervicopharyngeal pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Eagle's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old man reported lateral pain in his neck that had been present for 30 years. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone, which was compatible with Eagle's syndrome. Surgery was performed for bilateral resection of the stylohyoid ligament by using a transoral and endoscopic access route. The patient continued to present pain laterally in the neck, predominantly on his left side. CT was performed again, which showed elongation of the styloid processes. The patient then underwent lateral cervicotomy with resection of the stylohyoid process, which partially resolved his painful condition. FINAL COMMENTS: Patients with Eagle's syndrome generally have a history of chronic pain. Appropriate knowledge of this disease is necessary for adequate treatment to be provided. The importance of diagnosing this uncommon and often unsuspected disease should be emphasized, given that correct clinical-surgical treatment is frequently delayed. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is clinical and radiographic, and the definitive treatment in cases of difficult-to-control pain is surgical...


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Neck Pain/diagnosis , Oral Surgical Procedures , Osteogenesis , Case Reports
3.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 15(4): 526-528, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606485

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Rinoscleroma é uma doença infecciosa crônica do tipo granulomatosa causada pela bactéria Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Acomete a mucosa do trato respiratório, mais frequentemente o nariz. É considerada endêmica em determinadas regiões com África e América Central, porém é rara no Brasil. O acometimento nasal ocorre em 3 fases: catarral, granulomatosa e cicatricial. Em todo o seu curso a doença apresenta sintomatologia inespecífica, daí a dificuldade em ser diagnosticada. Seu diagnóstico é estabelecido através de cultura ou pelo encontro de células de Mikulicz ou corpúsculo de Russel no estudo anatomopatológico. O tratamento consiste em antibioticoterapia por longo período, associada ou não a cirurgia. OBJETIVO: Este relato tem por objetivo ilustrar um caso de rinoscleroma em uma paciente jovem com queixa de obstrução nasal bilateral de longa data e cefaleia. O intuito é alertar os otorrinolaringologistas para o diagnóstico desta doença rara, que se apresenta com sintomas inespecíficos e semelhantes a inúmeras patologias que acometem a região nasal.


INTRODUCTION: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Affects the respiratory tract mucosa, more frequent in the nose. Is considered endemic in certain regions like Africa and Central America, but is rare in Brazil. The nasal involvement occurs in 3 phases: catarrhal, granulomatous and sclerotic stage. In all its course the disease presents nonspecific symptoms, and because of that, the difficulty of being diagnosed. Its diagnosis is established by culture or by the meeting of Mikulicz cell or Russel corpuscles in the anatomopathological study. The treatment consists in a long-term antibiotic, associated or not to a surgery. OBJECTIVE: This report aims ilustrate a case of rhinoscleroma in a female young patient complaining of bilateral nasal obstruction, long standing and headache. The intent is alert the otorhinolaringologists in diagnosing this rare disease, which presents itself with nonspecific symptoms as like numerous pathologies that affect the nasal region.

4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 76(4): 499-509, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556882

ABSTRACT

O tratamento da surdez súbita é uma das questões mais controversas da Otologia. No entanto, os corticoides sistêmicos têm sido a opção mais escolhida por referidos autores como padrão ouro de tratamento. O uso de corticoide intratimpânico como terapia de segunda linha para tratamento de casos refratários de surdez súbita tem sido relatado e os resultados promissores têm feito alguns autores promoverem o seu uso como terapia de primeira linha, indicando-a para todos os casos de surdez súbita. OBJETIVOS: Descrever essa nova modalidade de tratamento e avaliar a sua segurança e eficácia em quatorze pacientes tratados após falha da corticoterapia oral. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo analítico prospectivo em que quatorze pacientes portadores de surdez súbita neurossensorial foram tratados com metilprednisolona intratimpânica após falha da corticoterapia oral. Limiares tonais e o índice de reconhecimento de fala pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Dez dos quatorze pacientes tratados com metilprednisolona intratimpânica apresentaram recuperação da audição superior a 20 dB nos limiares tonais ou 20 por cento no IRF. CONCLUSÃO: Três injeções intratimpânicas de metilprednisolona aumentaram os limiares tonais e índices de reconhecimento da fala em um grupo de pacientes portadores de surdez súbita neurossensorial que não obtiveram benefício após corticoterapia oral.


Treatment in sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a contentious issue, today, oral steroids are the most common choice and considered the best treatment option, but the use of intratympanic steroids has become an attractive alternative, especially in cases when systemic therapy fails, or to avoid the side effects of the systemic use of steroids. AIM: To describe the results of intratympanic methylprednisolone in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after failure of oral prednisolone. METHODS: In a prospective study fourteen patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss were treated with intratympanic methylprednisolone after failing in the treatment with systemic steroids. Pretreatment and post-treatment audiometric evaluations including pure tone average (PTA) and speech reception thresholds (SRT) were analyzed. RESULTS: Ten from 14 patients treated with intra-tympanic methylprednisolone presented with hearing recovery > 20 dB in PTA or 20 percent in SRT. CONCLUSION: Three intratympanic injections of methylprednisolone improved pure-tone average or speech discrimination scores for a subset of sudden hearing loss subjects that failed to benefit from oral steroids.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy , Hearing Loss, Sudden/drug therapy , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Salvage Therapy/methods , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Prospective Studies , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Tympanic Membrane
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