Assessing a cut-off point for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding using the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ): a validation and cultural translation study with Brazilian women

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition, and the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ) is used for its assessment. OBJECTIVES: To translate, assess the cut-off point for diagnosis, and explore psychometric properties of the MBQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study including 200 women (100 with and 100 without AUB) at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: MBQ translation involved a pilot-testing phase, instrument adjustment, data collection, and back-translation. Cut-off point was obtained using receiver operating curve analysis. Menstrual patterns, impact on quality of life due to AUB, internal consistency, test-retest, responsiveness, and discriminant validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life - abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. RESULTS: Women with AUB were older, had higher body mass indices, and had a worse quality of life during menstruation. Regarding the MBQ's psychometric variables, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was > 0.70 in all analyses, high intraclass correlation coefficient was found in both groups; no ceiling and floor effects were observed, and construct validity was demonstrated (correlation between MBQ score, PBAC score, and clinical menstrual cycle data). No difference between MBQ and PBAC scores were perceived after the test-retest. Significant differences were found between MBQ and PBAC scores before and after treatment. An MBQ score ≥ 24 was associated with a high probability of AUB; accuracy of 98%. CONCLUSION: The MBQ is a reliable questionnaire for Brazilian women. The cut-off ≥ 24 shows high accuracy to discriminate AUB.

Correlation between Anatomopathological Aspects and Pelvic Pain in Women with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis / Correlação entre aspectos anatomopatológicos e dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda

Abstract Objective To correlate the morphological aspects with pelvic pain in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Methods A retrospective study with 67 women with deep endometriosis who underwent surgical treatment in a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2017. The following variables were considered: age, parity, body mass index, site of involvement, hormonal treatment before surgery, pelvic pain, and morphometric analysis. The histological slides of the surgical specimens were revised and, using the ImageJ software for morphometric study, the percentages of stromal/glandular tissues were calculated in the histological sections. Results The mean age of the women was 38.9 ± 6.5 years. The mean pain score was 8.8 ± 1.9 and the mean time of symptomatology was 4.7 ± 3.5 years, with 87% of the patients undergoing hormone treatment prior to surgery. The average expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers was 19.5 ± 11.8%, 9.4 ± 5.9%, and 7.9 ± 5.8% respectively. It was found that the greater the expression of CD10, the greater the level of pain (p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between the expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers and age and duration of symptoms. Conclusion Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis have a positive association between the level of pain and the fibrosis component in the endometrial tissue's histological composition.

Resumo Objetivo Correlacionar os aspectos morfológicos com a dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com 67 mulheres com endometriose profunda submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico em hospital terciário de 2007 a 2017. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: idade, paridade, índice de massa corporal, local do acometimento, tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia, dor pélvica e análise morfométrica. As lâminas histológicas das peças cirúrgicas foram revisadas e, por meio do software ImageJ para estudo morfométrico, foram calculadas as porcentagens de tecidos estromais/glandulares nos cortes histológicos. Resultados A média etária das mulheres foi de 38,9 ± 6,5 anos. O escore de dor médio foi de 8,8 ± 1,9 e o tempo médio de sintomatologia foi de 4,7 ± 3,5 anos, sendo que 87% das pacientes realizavam tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia. A expressão média dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 foi de 19,5 ± 11,8%, 9,4 ± 5,9% e 7,9 ± 5,8%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que quanto maior a expressão de CD10, maior o nível de dor (p = 0,02). Não foi observada correlação entre a expressão dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 com a idade e duração dos sintomas. Conclusão Mulheres com endometriose profunda apresentam associação positiva entre o nível de dor e o componente de fibrose na composição histológica do tecido endometrial.

Sexual function according to infiltration of endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to associate the degree of infiltration of rectovaginal septum endometriosis with dyspareunia and sexual function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 127 women followed up at a tertiary hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. The women's sociodemographic and clinical conditions and dyspareunia were evaluated. The sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index. RESULTS: A total of 53 women with type I, 37 with type II, and 37 with type III rectovaginal septum endometriosis were evaluated. The women had a mean age of 38.76±6.63 years and a mean body mass index of 27.62±5.11 kg/m2. The mean time of diagnosis of endometriosis was 6.94±4.98 years. On average, the study participants engaged in sexual activity/intercourse 1.88±1.25 times per week. There was no difference between the dyspareunia score (p=0.822) and sexual function (p=0.174) according to the types of rectovaginal septum endometriosis. Overall, 93.7% of the women with endometriosis had sexual dysfunction. There was no correlation between the degree of rectovaginal septum endometriosis infiltration with dyspareunia (r=0.05; p=0.55) or sexual function (r=0.07; p=0.39). CONCLUSION: Women with endometriosis have impaired sexual function, regardless of the degree of endometriosis infiltration.

Função intestinal impacta na qualidade de vida e na função sexual de mulheres com endometriose profunda de acordo com o tipo de tratamento? / Does bowel function impacts on quality of life and sexual function in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis according kind of treatment?

ABSTRACT Background: Women with intestinal endometriosis may have a higher incidence of constipation, which may influence their quality of life. Objective: To correlate bowel function with sexual function and quality of life in women with deep endometriosis according to the type of treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 141 women with bowel endometriosis from May 2020 to April 2021. Women were divided into two groups according to kind of treatment: 51 women with surgery treatment and 90 women with medical treatment. The Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire were used to assess quality of life e Female Sexual Function Index were used to assess sexual function. To access bowel function we used the following questionnaires: Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory. Results: The mean age of women in the surgical group (37.98±5.91years) was higher than that of the medical group (35.68±5.45years) (P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between pain symptoms (P=0.905), water intake (P=0.573) or fiber (P=0.173) and physical activity (P=0.792) in both groups. There was no difference between quality of life and sexual function in both groups. There was a direct correlation of bowel function with quality of life and sexual function in both groups. Conclusion: Bowel function is directly correlated with sexual function and quality of life, regardless of the type of treatment.

RESUMO Contexto: Mulheres com endometriose intestinal podem apresentar maior incidência de constipação o que influencia na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Correlacionar a função intestinal com a função sexual e qualidade de vida de mulheres com endometriose profunda de acordo com o tipo de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 141 mulheres com endometriose intestinal no período de maio de 2020 a abril de 2021. As mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento: 51 mulheres com tratamento cirúrgico e 90 mulheres com tratamento médico. O Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Endometriose foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de vida e o Índice de Função Sexual Feminina foi utilizado para avaliar a função sexual. Para avaliar a função intestinal foram utilizados os seguintes questionários: Índice de Qualidade de Vida Gastrointestinal e Inventário de Estresse do Assoalho Pélvico. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres do grupo cirúrgico (37,98±5,91 anos) foi maior que a do grupo médico (35,68±5,45 anos) (P=0,006). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre sintomas de dor (P=0,905), ingestão de água (P=0,573) ou fibra (P=0,173) e atividade física (P=0,792) em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença entre qualidade de vida e função sexual em ambos os grupos. Houve uma correlação direta da função intestinal com qualidade de vida e função sexual em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: A função intestinal está diretamente correlacionada com a função sexual e qualidade de vida, independentemente do tipo de tratamento.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency using Hormonal Therapy / Fatores de risco cardiovascular na insuficiência ovariana prematura em uso de terapia hormonal

Abstract Objective Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by early hypoestrogenism. An increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is a long-term consequence of POI. A challenge of hormone therapy (HT) is to reduce the CV risk. Methods Cross-sectional study with lipid profile analysis (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides), blood glucose levels and arterial blood pressure of women with POI using HT, compared with age and BMI-matched women with normal ovarian function (controls). Results The mean age and BMI of 102 POI patients using HT and 102 controls were 37.2 ± 6.0 and 37.3 ± 5.9 years, respectively; 27.0 ± 5.2 and 27.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2. There wasn't difference between groups in arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides. HDL-C levels were significantly higher in the POI group (56.3 ± 14.6 and 52 ± 13.9mg/dL; p = 0.03). Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent chronic disease (12% in the POI group, 19% in the control group, p = ns), followed by dyslipidemia (6 and 5%, in POI and control women). Conclusion Women with POI using HT have blood pressure levels, lipid and glycemic profile and prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia similar to women of the same age and BMI with preserved gonadal function, in addition to better HDL levels.

Resumo Objetivo A insuficiência ovariana prematura (IOP) é caracterizada pelo hipoestrogenismo precoce. Risco aumentado de doença cardiovascular (CV) é uma consequência a longo prazo da IOP e um desafio da terapia hormonal (TH) é reduzir o risco CV. Métodos Estudo transversal com análise do perfil lipídico (colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C e triglicerídeos), glicemia e pressão arterial de mulheres com IOP em uso de TH, em comparação a mulheres com função ovariana normal (controles) pareadas por idade e IMC. Resultados A média de idade e IMC de 102 pacientes com IOP em uso de TH e 102 controles foi de 37,2 ± 6,0 e 37,3 ± 5,9 anos, respectivamente; 27,0 ± 5,2 e 27,1 ± 5,4 kg/m2. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia, colesterol total, LDL-C, VLDL-C e triglicerídeos. Os níveis de HDL-C foram significativamente maiores no grupo IOP (56,3 ± 14,6 e 52 ± 13,9mg/dL; p = 0,03). A hipertensão arterial foi a doença crônica mais prevalente (12% no grupo POI, 19% no grupo controle, p = ns), seguida da dislipidemia (6 e 5%, no grupo POI e controle). Conclusão Mulheres com IOP em uso de TH apresentam níveis pressóricos, perfil lipídico e glicêmico e prevalência de hipertensão e dislipidemia semelhantes às mulheres da mesma idade e IMC com função gonadal preservada, além de melhores níveis de HDL.

Supervisão clínica: um contributo na melhoria dos indicadores de qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem / Clinical supervision: a contribution to improving quality indicators in nursing care / La supervisión clínica: una contribución a la mejora de los indicadores de calidad de la atención de enfermería

RESUMO: Objetivo: comparar índices e indicadores de qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem nos serviços de internação, médico e cirúrgico quando implementada a supervisão clínica. Método: estudo observacional, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, e amostragem do tipo aleatória simples dos registros das auditorias relacionados à qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem (n=719). A pesquisa decorreu entre agosto de 2020 e agosto de 2022, em dois hospitais privados da região de Lisboa, Portugal, onde se realizam auditorias relacionadas à qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem, sendo implementada a supervisão clínica num dos hospitais. Empregou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: decorrente da análise dos registos quando comparados os hospitais e serviços foi evidenciada subida de scores de qualidade desejada e adequada (≤5 e ≤4) nos serviços do hospital onde foi implementada a supervisão clínica. Conclusão: a supervisão clínica permite acompanhar estrategicamente as equipes na prática dos cuidados, elevando os índices e indicadores de qualidade com impacto direto para o paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare indices and indicators of the quality of nursing care in inpatient, medical and surgical services when clinical supervision is implemented. Method: an observational, retrospective study with a quantitative approach and simple random sampling of audit records related to the quality of nursing care (n=719). The research took place between August 2020 and August 2022, in two private hospitals in the Lisbon region, Portugal, where audits related to the quality of nursing care were carried out, and clinical supervision was implemented in one of the hospitals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: analysis of the records when comparing the hospitals and services showed an increase in the desired and adequate quality scores (≤5 and ≤4) in the services of the hospital where clinical supervision was implemented. Conclusion: Clinical supervision allows teams to be strategically monitored in the practice of care, increasing quality indices and indicators with a direct impact on the patient.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los índices e indicadores de calidad de la atención de enfermería en los servicios de hospitalización, médicos y quirúrgicos cuando se aplica la supervisión clínica. Método: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo y muestreo aleatorio simple de registros de auditoría relacionados con la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería (n=719). La investigación tuvo lugar entre agosto de 2020 y agosto de 2022 en dos hospitales privados de la región de Lisboa, Portugal, donde se realizan auditorías relacionadas con la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería, y en uno de los hospitales se implementó la supervisión clínica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: el análisis de los registros al comparar los hospitales y servicios mostró un aumento de las puntuaciones de calidad deseada y adecuada (≤5 y ≤4) en los servicios del hospital donde se implantó la supervisión clínica. Conclusión: La supervisión clínica permite el seguimiento estratégico de los equipos en la práctica asistencial, aumentando los índices e indicadores de calidad con impacto directo en el paciente.

Abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age: a comparative analysis between the five Brazilian geographic regions

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the presence of abnormal uterine bleeding and associated factors among women from the five official Brazilian geographic regions. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based, multicenter study of reproductive-age women from the five regions of Brazil. All participants answered questionnaires containing personal and socioeconomic data and information on uterine bleeding (self-perception and objective data). RESULTS: A total of 1,761 Brazilian women were included, 724 from the Southeast, 408 from the Northeast, 221 from the South, 213 from the North, and 195 from the Central-West. Considering women's self-perception, the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding was 37.56% in the North region, 39.46% in the Northeast, 21.54% in the Central-West, 29.56% in the Southeast, and 25.34% in the South (p<0.001). Abnormal uterine bleeding was more prevalent in the North and Northeast, where women had lower purchasing power, became pregnant more often, and were the only ones financially responsible for supporting the family more often (p<0.001). The menstrual cycle lasted <24 days in less than 20% of the women in all regions (p=NS). Among these, approximately 8 out of 10 women had never undergone treatment in four out of the five regions evaluated. More than half of the evaluated women reported a worsening of their quality of life during bleeding. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding in Brazilian women was higher in the North and Northeast, followed by the Southeast, South, and Central-West regions. There was a worsening of quality of life during menstruation regardless of the woman's self-perception of abnormal uterine bleeding. Such results can direct the actions of health managers toward a better approach to abnormal bleeding.

Perception of Portuguese nurses: clinical supervision and quality indicators in nursing care / Percepción de los enfermeros portugueses: supervisión clínica e indicadores de calidad en atención de enfermería / Percepção dos enfermeiros portugueses: supervisão clínica e indicadores de qualidade na assistência de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe nurses' perception of the influence of clinical supervision on improving quality indicators in nursing care. Methods: exploratory research with a qualitative approach, carried out with 16 nurses using the focus group. Data processing emerged from lexicographical textual analysis, resorting to Descending Hierarchical Classification and similarity analysis. Results: 80.0% retention of 185 text segments with six-class construction. The words were represented by four graphs (supervisor, audit, care, and process); and three subgraphs (implementation, sharing and knowledge). Final Considerations: in the perception of nurses, supervision influences quality indicators in nursing care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la percepción de los enfermeros acerca de la influencia de la supervisión clínica en la mejoría de los indicadores de calidad en la atención de enfermería. Métodos: investigación exploratoria de enfoque calitativo, realizada con 16 enfermeros utilizando el focus group. El procesamiento de datos emergió del análisis textual lexicográfico, recurriendo a la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendiente y análisis de similitud. Resultados: retención de 80,0% de 185 segmentos de texto con construcción de seis clases. Las palabras fueron representadas por cuatro grafos (supervisor, auditoría, cuidado y proceso); y tres subgrafos (implementación, partición y conocimiento). Consideraciones Finales: en la percepción de los enfermeros, la supervisión influencia los indicadores de calidad en la atención de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca da influência da supervisão clínica na melhoria dos indicadores de qualidade na assistência de enfermagem. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 16 enfermeiros utilizando o focus group. O processamento de dados emergiu da análise textual lexicográfica, recorrendo à Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e análise de similitude. Resultados: retenção de 80,0% de 185 segmentos de texto com construção de seis classes. As palavras foram representadas por quatro grafos (supervisor, auditoria, cuidado e processo); e três subgrafos (implementação, partilha e conhecimento). Considerações Finais: na percepção dos enfermeiros, a supervisão influencia os indicadores de qualidade na assistência de enfermagem.

Clinical supervision strategies, learning, and critical thinking of nursing students / Estrategias de supervisión clínica, aprendizaje y pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de Enfermería / Estratégias de supervisão clínica, aprendizagem e pensamento crítico dos estudantes de Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the supervisory strategies that Nursing students consider facilitators of the development of critical thinking skills in clinical teaching. Methods: This is a qualitative study, within the interpretative paradigm, using the focus group methodology. Eight undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Results: Participants recognized the indispensability of critical thinking for professional responsibility and quality of care and highlighted the importance of using supervisory strategies adapted to their needs, learning objectives, and the context of clinical practice. Final considerations: This study highlights the urgent need to establish, within the Nursing curricula, clinical supervision strategies that promote critical thinking and favor the development of skills for good clinical judgment, problem solving, and safe, effective, and ethical decision-making.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de supervisión que los estudiantes de Enfermería consideran facilitadoras del desarrollo de las capacidades de pensamiento crítico en el contexto de enseñanza clínica. Métodos: Estudio de naturaleza cualitativa, inserido en el paradigma interpretativo, con recurso a la metodología focus group. Participaron del estudio ocho estudiantes del curso de licenciatura en Enfermería. Resultados: Los participantes reconocieron la imprescindibilidad del pensamiento crítico para la responsabilidad profesional y calidad en la asistencia; y destacaron la importancia de la utilización de estrategias de supervisión adecuadas a sus necesidades, a los objetivos de aprendizaje y al contexto de la práctica clínica. Consideraciones finales: Este estudio sobrepasa la urgencia en establecerse, dentro de los currículos del curso de Enfermería, estrategias de supervisión clínica promotoras del pensamiento crítico, que favorezcan el desarrollo de capacidades para el bueno juicio clínico, resolución de problemas y toma de decisión segura, eficaz y ética.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias supervisivas que os estudantes de Enfermagem consideram facilitadoras do desenvolvimento das capacidades de pensamento crítico no contexto de ensino clínico. Métodos: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, inserido no paradigma interpretativo, com recurso à metodologia focus group. Participaram do estudo oito estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Enfermagem. Resultados: Os participantes reconheceram a imprescindibilidade do pensamento crítico para a responsabilidade profissional e qualidade na assistência; e destacaram a importância da utilização de estratégias supervisivas adequadas às suas necessidades, aos objetivos de aprendizagem e ao contexto da prática clínica. Considerações finais: Este estudo sobreleva a premência em se estabelecer, dentro dos currículos do curso de Enfermagem, estratégias de supervisão clínica promotoras do pensamento crítico, que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de capacidades para o bom julgamento clínico, resolução de problemas e tomada de decisão segura, eficaz e ética.

Fecal incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse among women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Objectives: To assess the status of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) of premature ovarian insufficiency women (POI women) and the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study with 150 women with POI was performed. Pelvic floor muscle assessment was performed with the PERFECT scale. The subscales POPDI-6 and CRADI-8 of the questionnaire Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used for pelvic floor symptoms focused on FI and POP. Moreover, FI and POP were also assessed as dichotomous variables (yes/no). Results: Women with FI and POP did not present differences in the PFM assessment across P (p = 0.61), E (p = 0.78), R (p = 0.22), and F (p = 0.79) variables when compared with women with POI; no differences were also seen between women with and without POP according the pelvic muscles: P (p = 0.91), E (p = 0.99), R (p = 0.62), and F (p = 0.10). Women with FI and POP presented higher scores in all PFDI-20 subscales and total score when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle assessment within POI women with or without FI or POP did not differ. However, PF symptoms are more severe in the FI or POP groups. (AU)

Effect of Surgical Treatment for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis on Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis / Efeito do tratamento cirúrgico para endometriose infiltrante profunda nas disfunções do assoalho pélvico: Uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of surgical treatment of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) on pelvic floor dysfunction (urinary incontinence [UI], pelvic organ prolapse [POP], fecal incontinence [FI)] or constipation, and sexual function [dyspareunia]). Data Source The present systematic review was performed in the PubMed database. For the selection of studies, articles should be published by January 5, 2021, without language restriction. Study Selection Six randomized controlled studies that evaluated surgical treatment for DIE and the comparison of different surgical techniques were included. Data Collection The studies were selected independently by title and abstract by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. All included studies were also evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of the evidence was analyzed using the GRADE criteria. Subgroup analysis by different treatments and follow-up periods was also performed. Results Six studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias between studies showed an uncertain risk of bias for most studies, with concealment of allocation being the least reported category. The quality of the evidence was considered low. High heterogeneity was found between the studies. No study has evaluated UI or POP comparatively before and after surgery. Conclusion Dyspareunia and FI have improved after the surgical procedure, but it was not possible to demonstratewhich surgical technique was related to these outcomes as there was surgical heterogeneity. This diversity was found across data, with the recommendation of future prospective studies addressing pelvic floor disorders withDIE.

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar o impacto do tratamento cirúrgico para endometriose infiltrante profunda (EIP) nas disfunções do assoalho pélvico (incontinência urinária [IU], prolapso de órgãos pélvicos [POP], incontinência fecal [IF] ou constipação e função sexual [dispareunia]). Fonte de Dados A presente revisão sistemática foi realizada na base de dados PubMed. Para a seleção dos estudos, os artigos deveriam ser publicados até 5 de janeiro de 2021, sem restrição de idioma. Seleção dos Estudos Foram incluídos seis estudos randomizados e controlados que avaliaram o tratamento cirúrgico para EIP e a comparação de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. Coleta de Dados Os estudos foram selecionados de forma independente por título e resumo por dois autores. As discordâncias foram avaliadas por umterceiro autor. Todos os estudos incluídos foram avaliados de acordo coma ferramenta Cochrane de risco de viés e a qualidade de evidência foi analisada usando os critérios GRADE. A análise de subgrupo por diferentes tratamentos e períodos de acompanhamento também foi realizada. Resultados Seis estudos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa. O risco de viés mostrou um risco incerto de viés para a maioria dos estudos, sendo a ocultação da alocação a categoria menos relatada. A qualidade de evidência foi considerada baixa. Alta heterogeneidade foi encontrada entre os estudos. Nenhum estudo avaliou a IU ou o POP comparativamente antes e após a cirurgia. Conclusão A dispareunia e a IF melhoraram após o procedimento cirúrgico, mas não foi possível demonstrar qual técnica cirúrgica esteve relacionada a estes desfechos, pois houve heterogeneidade cirúrgica. Esta diversidade foi encontrada nos dados, com a recomendação de estudos prospectivos futuros abordando distúrbios do assoalho pélvico com EIP.

Use of Triggers on in vitro Fertilization and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Sub-Optimal Maturation Rate / Uso de gatilhos na fertilização in vitro e avaliação dos fatores de risco para taxa de maturação subótima

Abstract Objective To compare the oocyte maturation rate in the treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in terms of the use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), agonist gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dual trigger and to evaluate the associated risk factors for sub-optimal maturation rates. Methods A retrospective cohort study with 856 women who underwent IVF. They performed oocyte retrieval and were classified into 3 groups (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRHagonist, 3 - dual trigger). The primary outcome was maturation rate per trigger, and the secondary outcomes were the pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval and the correlations between low maturation rate as well as the clinical and treatment characteristics of women. Results The maturation rate was 77% in group 1; 76% in group 2, and 83% in group 3 (p=0.003). Group 2 showed women with better ovarian reserve, greater number of oocytes collected, and more mature oocytes and embryos compared with the other groups (p<0.001). The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate was no different between the groups (p=0.755). Low ovarian reserve and low doses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) administered during the stimulus were associated with a higher chance of null maturation rate. Conclusion The oocyte maturation rates and IVF results were similar in all groups. Low ovarian reserve is associated with the worst treatment results.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a taxa de maturação oocitária no tratamento de fertilização in vitro (FIV) emrelação so o uso de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG), agonista de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), e gatilho duplo e avaliar os fatores de risco associados a taxas de maturação subótimas. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 856 mulheres submetidas à FIV. Elas foram classificadas em 3 grupos (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRH agonista, 3 - gatilho duplo). O desfecho primário foi a taxa de maturação por gatilho, e os desfechos secundários foram a taxa de gravidez por recuperação de oócitos e as correlações entre a baixa taxa de maturação bem como as características clínicas e do tratamento das mulheres. Resultados A taxa de maturação foi de 77% no grupo 1; 76% no grupo 2, e 83% no grupo 3 (p=0,003). O grupo 2 apresentou mulheres com melhor reserva ovariana, maior número de oócitos coletados, oócitosmaduros, e embriões, emcomparação aos demais grupos (p<0,001). A taxa cumulativa de gravidez clínica não foi diferente entre os grupos (p=0,755). Baixa reserva ovariana e baixas doses de hormônio folículoestimulante (FSH) administradas durante o estímulo foram associadas a uma maior chance de taxa de maturação nula. Conclusão As taxas de maturação oocitárias e os resultados de FIV foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. A baixa reserva ovariana está associada aos piores resultados do tratamento.

Transposição de veia femoral superficial como solução de acesso vascular para hemodiálise / Superficial femoral vein transposition as a solution for hemodialysis vascular access

Resumo O crescimento significativo do número de indivíduos dependentes de hemodiálise para terapia renal substitutiva e o uso irrestrito de cateteres de curta e longa permanência têm desafiado os cirurgiões vasculares em busca de soluções para a exaustão de acessos nos membros superiores e taxas crescentes de estenose venosa central nesses pacientes. Na impossibilidade do acesso em membros superiores, técnicas excepcionais podem ser utilizadas, e os membros inferiores são uma alternativa factível como sítio de acesso vascular para hemodiálise. Este artigo relata um caso de transposição de veia femoral superficial para confecção de uma fístula arteriovenosa em alça em um paciente sem possibilidade de acessos nos membros superiores, além de fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre essa técnica ainda pouco utilizada.

Abstract The significant growth in the number of individuals dependent on hemodialysis for renal replacement therapy and unrestricted use of short and long-term catheters have challenged vascular surgeons in search of solutions for patients whose options for access via the upper limbs have been exhausted and for the increasing rates of central venous stenosis in these patients. When access via the upper limbs is impossible, exceptional techniques can be used and the lower limbs offer feasible alternative vascular access sites for hemodialysis. This article reports a case of superficial femoral vein transposition to make a loop arteriovenous fistula in a patient with no possibility of access via the upper limbs and presents a literature review on this technique that remains little used.

Difficulty in Diagnosing of Renal Choriocarcinoma: Case Report / Dificuldade no diagnóstico do coriocarcinoma renal: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Choriocarcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumor. We report a case of 35-year-old woman, with a history of four months menstrual irregularity and human chorionic gonadotropin persistently positive that presented transvaginal ultrasound normal and the computed tomography scan of the chest showed three nodules and abdominal scan evinced a hypervascularized solid nodular lesion on left kidney. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of left kidney was performed with a pathologic diagnosis of renal choriocarcinoma. After chemotherapy the human chorionic gonadotropin was negative and the patient returned to normal menstrual cicles.

RESUMO O coriocarcinoma é um tumor altamente maligno raro. Relatamos um caso de mulher de 35 anos, com história de irregularidade menstrual de quatro meses e gonadotrofina coriônica humana persistentemente positiva que apresentava ultrassonografia transvaginal normal e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax com três nódulos e a abdominal evidenciava um nodular sólido hipervascularizado lesão no rim esquerdo. Uma biópsia guiada por ultrassom do rim esquerdo foi realizada com diagnóstico patológico de coriocarcinoma renal. Após a quimioterapia, a gonadotrofina coriônica humana foi negativa e a paciente retornou aos ciclos menstruais normais.