ABSTRACT
Introducción: Estudios previos han confirmado altas prevalencias de abuso de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga; sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre factores asociados. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia del abuso de alcohol en niños y adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga, Colombia, y sus factores asociados. Metodología: Una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes adolescentes completó un cuestionario anónimo acerca del consumo de alcohol, sustancias ilegales y legales, el cuestionario CAGE y una serie de escalas y cuestionarios que evaluaban factores de riesgo para abuso de alcohol. Para ajustar por variables de confusión, se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Se encuestaron 2.916 estudiantes. La edad de la muestra estuvo entre 10 y 22 años, con una media de 14,4 años (DE = 1,65); 51,1% eran mujeres, 36% cursaban básica superior (10° y 11°), el 17,66 % en colegios privados. El patrón de consumo abusivo de alcohol medido por la escala del CAGE fue del 14,6% (IC95%; 13,3-16,0%). Los factores asociados fueron: edad (OR = 1,15, IC95% 1,04-1,27), tener un hermano consumidor de cigarrillo o alcohol (OR = 1,48, IC95% 1,01-1,17), comportamiento antisocial (OR = 3,03, IC95% 2,12-4,32), mejor amigo que consume sustancias ilícitas (OR =1,71, IC95% 1,06-2,76), mejor amigo que fuma o consume alcohol (OR = 2,01, IC95% 1,40-2,88). Conclusiones: Uno de cada siete estudiantes presentó un patrón de consumo abusivo de alcohol. La influencia de los amigos, la familia, la edad y el comportamiento antisocial fueron los factores asociados
Introduction:Previous studies have confirmed high prevalence of alcohol abuse in adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Colombia. However, few studies on the associated factors have been carried out. Objective: Assessment of prevalence of alcohol abuse and associated factors in student children and adolescents from Bucaramanga. Methodology: A random sample of adolescent students completed an anonymous questionnaire about the consumption of alcohol, illegal and legal substances, together with the CAGE questionnaire and a series of scales and questionnaires assessing risk factors for alcohol abuse. To adjust for confusing variables, a multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. Results: 2916 students were surveyed with an average age between 10 and 22, and a mean of 14.4 years (SD 1.65), 51.1% were female, 36% were in the last two years of high school (10thand 11th grades), and 17.66% were in private schools. The alcohol abuse pattern as measured by the CAGE scale was 14.6% (95% CI, 13.3 - 16.0%). The associated factors were: age (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.27), having a smoking or consuming alcohol sibling (OR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.17) antisocial behavior (OR 3.03, 95% CI, 2.12 - 4.32) and best friend who uses illicit substances (OR 1.71, 95% CI, 1.06 - 2.76), best friend who smokes or drinks alcohol (OR 2.01, 95% CI, 1.40 - 2.88). Conclusions: One out of 7 students showed a pattern of alcohol abuse. The associated factors were the influence of friends, family, age and antisocial behavior