Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidatant activities of various isolated compounds from Cratoxylum species

The objective of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of twenty-nine known isolated compounds from Cratoxylum species including three anthraquinones, four triterpenes, and twenty-two xanthones. All isolated compounds were subjected to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Cytotoxicity evaluations were performed by MTT assay. The anti-oxidatant activity was performed using DPPH assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated from the production of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL1-beta using ELISA assay. Human gingival fibroblasts and monocytes could tolerate both anthraquinones and triterpenes. All isolated anthraquinones showed moderate-to-high antibacterial efficacy while compound A3 also demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory effect. None of the isolated triterpenes, except for T1, inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha. A number of isolated xanthones was toxic to HGFs and monocytes. Compound X5, X14 and a 1:1 mixture of X5 and X6 showed comparative anti-inflammatory activity to dexamethasone. Several triterpene and xanthone compounds also expressed antibacterial effect against P. gingivalis. Some isolated xanthones exerted anti-oxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Accordingly, selected pure compounds from plants of Cratoxylum genus might be of benefit in developing medications that are important in treating periodontal diseases

Pain and quality of life related to suture removal after 3 or 7 days at the extraction sites of impacted lower third molars

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the patient's pain and quality of life after suture removal at either 3 or 7 days following the bilateral surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in 30 patients, who acted as their own control. Each patient required the bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars to be extracted. The impacted teeth were removed and the wound margins were approximated and sutured with black braided silk. The suture material was removed on day 3 on one side and on day 7 on the other. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire after the removal of the suture material on each designated day. RESULTS: Regarding overall clinical symptoms, the mean VAS scores of male and female participants on day 3 were not significantly different from those on day 7. A significant difference was found in female participants, in that overall daily activity was better on day 7. There were significant differences in the ability to smile and laugh in both sexes and the ability to chew in the male participants was better on day 7. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the patient's pain and quality of life between suture removal on day 3 or on day 7 following surgery to remove impacted lower third molars.

Pain and quality of life related to suture removal after 3 or 7 days at the extraction sites of impacted lower third molars

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the patient's pain and quality of life after suture removal at either 3 or 7 days following the bilateral surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in 30 patients, who acted as their own control. Each patient required the bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars to be extracted. The impacted teeth were removed and the wound margins were approximated and sutured with black braided silk. The suture material was removed on day 3 on one side and on day 7 on the other. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire after the removal of the suture material on each designated day. RESULTS: Regarding overall clinical symptoms, the mean VAS scores of male and female participants on day 3 were not significantly different from those on day 7. A significant difference was found in female participants, in that overall daily activity was better on day 7. There were significant differences in the ability to smile and laugh in both sexes and the ability to chew in the male participants was better on day 7. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the patient's pain and quality of life between suture removal on day 3 or on day 7 following surgery to remove impacted lower third molars.

Coumarins and flavonoid from Murraya paniculata [L.] Jack: Antibacterial and anti-inflammation activity

The ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Murraya paniculata [L.] Jack was described in the previous in vitro study on the inhibition effect on the growth of periodontopathic bacteria and the reduction of cytokines from LPSstimulated macrophages. In this study, four coumarins including murrangatin [1], murrangatin acetate [2], murranganonesenecionate [3], micropubescin [4] and one flavonoid, 3', 4', 5', 7-tetramethoxyflavone [5] were isolated from the leaves of ethyl acetate extract of M. paniculata. MTT assay was used to test cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast and monocytes. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis [ATCC33277] and anti-inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation using monocyte cells. All isolated compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis [ATCC 33277]. Murranganonesenecionate [3] was highly potent anti-inflammation properties. The coumarin constituents from M. paniculata leaves might be potential lead molecules for the development of antimicrobial drugs for treating periodontal disease

Noise Level in a Dental Laboratory

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the noise level producing from the removable prostheses construction process in a dental laboratory. The type of study was an analytical study. Noise level was measured with the precision sound level meter. Eighty-two dental technicians who work at least 8 hours per day were recruited. The mean age of the technician was 32.44 years old. The noise level was recorded at the technician work site and at the center of a working room. Three study groups were designated; design-waxing group, arrangement-polishing group and trimming-curing group. The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p =.00) of the mean noise level at the technician work sites among the three study groups. The arrangement-polishing group showed the highest mean noise level of 74.93+9.52 dB (range =53.40-90.90 dB). The study of the mean noise level at the center of working room showedno statistically significant difference between the arrangement-polishing group and the trimming-curing group, mean noise level were 72.53+7.52 and 70.52+3.90 dB, respectively. The mean noise level of these two groups were statistically greater than that of design-waxing group (p = .00). For individual dental equipments, model trimmer and airblow pipe produced mean noise level of 90.47+3.20 and 87.05+1.01 dB, respectively,which were greater than the safety noise level standard (85 dB). This study suggested that the technicians may be at risk of hearing loss, therefore, specific precautions should be taken to improve their working conditions.