Essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L: secretory structures, antibacterial and antioxidant activities / Óleo essencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L: estruturas secretoras, atividade antibacteriana e antioxidante

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and to determine its secretory structures. The essential oil was extracted through the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus (2 hours) and chemically characterized by GC/MS and GC-FID. The antioxidant activity was determined by monitoring the reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and by the oxidation of the ß-carotene/linoleic acid system. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was performed by the agar cavity diffusion technique using the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Cholerasuis. The characterization of trichomes was accomplished by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemical tests with Nadi and Sudan IV reagents. The antioxidant activity demonstrated by the ß-carotene/acid linoleic test, with IC50 = 455.7 µg mL-1. This oil also presented antibacterial activity for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration ranged 62.5 to 250 µL mL-1. The presence of terpenes in the glandular trichomes was observed, suggesting that the essential oil is secreted by these structures.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as atividades antibacteriana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. e determinar as suas estruturas secretoras. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada pelo método de hidrodestilação, utilizando o aparelho de Clevenger modificado com duração de 2 horas, sendo, posteriormente, analisado por CG/EM e CG-DIC. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada monitorando-se a redução do radical livre DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila) e utilizando o ensaio de oxidação do sistema ß-caroteno/ácido linoleico. A avaliação da atividade antibacteriana foi realizada por meio da técnica difusão cavidade em ágar, utilizando os micro-organismos Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli e Salmonella Cholerasuis. A caracterização dos tricomas foi realizada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e pelos testes histoquímicos com os reagentes de Nadi e Sudan IV. A atividade antioxidante foi evidenciada pelo teste ß-caroteno/ácido linoleico, com CI50 455,7 µg mL-1. O óleo também apresentou atividade antibacteriana tanto para bactérias Gram -negativas como para Gram-positivas. A concentração mínima inibitória do mesmo variou entre 62,5 e 250 µL mL-1. Constatou-se a presença de compostos terpênicos nos tricomas glandulares, inferindo-se que o óleo essencial seja secretado nessas estruturas.

Growth curve and development of the internal calli structure of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn

The objective of this work was to elucidate the growth curve of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. calli analyzing their anatomical modifications. A sigmoid aspect of the growth curve of the calli fresh matter was observed, with five different phases (lag, exponential, linear, deceleration and decline). In the lag phase, the highest growth percentage 87%, was observed, which reduced during the evaluation period to 17% in the linear phase. As for the anatomical analyses, cellular multiplications was observed during the lag and exponential phases and increase in cell size during the linear phase, promoting the calli volume growth and the establishment of the globular conformation.