Progressive Increase Trend in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Brazil

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is rising in the whole world. Objective To access the prevalence and temporal trend of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer by analyzing the expression of the p16 protein. Methods We conducted a transversal study in a Brazilian reference oncology center. The sample consisted of 254 patients with OSCC. The analyzed period was from 2013 to 2017. All patients underwent p16 immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The overall prevalence of HPV-related OSCC was of 31.9%. During the analyzed period, we observed a trend of increasing rates of OSCC that marked positive for p16 immunohistochemistry. The annual prevalence of p16-positive cases was of 20.6% in 2013, 23.9% in 2014, 33.3% in 2015, 38.3% in 2016, and 34.2% in 2017. Most of the patients were stage III and IV (84%). Female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003-5.888; p = 0.049) and younger patients (OR = 2.919; 95%CI: 1.682-5.067; p < 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of HPV-related OSCC. Tobacco consumption had a proportional lower risk of HPV-related OSCC (OR = 0.152; 95%CI: 0063-0.366; p < 0.005). Conclusion We observed an increasing prevalence of HPV-related OSCC in a specialized cancer hospital in Brazil.

TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

Purpose: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. Methods: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. Results: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). Conclusions: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

Peptic ulcer frqquency differences related to h. pylori or aines / Diferentes frequências da úlcera péptica relacionadas com H. pylori ou AINES

Background Peptic ulcer etiology has been changing because of H. pylori decline. Objectives To estimate peptic ulcer prevalence in 10 years-interval and compare the association with H. pylori and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods Records assessment in two periods: A (1997-2000) and B (2007-2010), searching for peptic ulcer, H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. Results Peptic ulcer occurred in 30.35% in A and in 20.19% in B. H. pylori infection occurred in 73.3% cases in A and in 46.4% in B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use was 3.5% in A and 13.3% in B. Neither condition occurred in 10.4% and 20.5% in A and B respectively. Comparing both periods, we observed reduction of peptic ulcer associated to H. pylori (P=0.000), increase of peptic ulcer related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (P=0.000) and idiopathic peptic ulcer (P=0.002). The concurrent association of H. pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was also higher in B (P=0.002). Rates of gastric ulcer were higher and duodenal ulcer lower in the second period. Conclusions After 10 years, the prevalence of peptic ulcer decreased, as well as ulcers related to H. pylori whereas ulcers associated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased. There was an inversion in the pattern of gastric and duodenal ulcer and a rise of idiopathic peptic ulcer. .

Contexto A etiologia da úcera péptica vem apresentando mudanças devido à redução da infecção pelo H. pylori. Objetivos Estimar a prevalência da úlcera péptica em dois períodos com intervalo de 10 anos e comparar a associação com a infecção pelo H. pylori com o uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides. Métodos Revisão de prontuários em dois períodos: A (1997-2000) e B (2007-2010), com busca por úlcera péptica, H. pylori e uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINE). Resultados Úcera péptica apresentou frequência de 30,35% em A e 20,19% em B. Infecção por H. pylori ocorreu em 73,3% em A e em 46,4% em B. Uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides ocorreu em 3,5% em A e em 13,3% em B. Nenhuma dessas condições esteve associada em 10,4% e 20,5% das úlceras em A e B, respectivamente. Comparando os dois períodos, houve redução da úlcera péptica associada à H. pylori (P=0,000), aumento das úlceras associadas ao uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (P=0,000) e aumento de úlceras idiopáticas (P=0,002). A associação concomitante de H. pylori e anti-inflamatórios não esteroides foi também mais alta em B (P=0,002). Úlceras gástricas aumentaram e úlceras duodenais diminuíram em B. Conclusões No intervalo de 10 anos, a prevalência de úlcera péptica diminuiu assim como as úlceras relacionadas com H. pylori e houve um aumento das úlceras associadas ao uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides. Houve inversão na frequência das lesões gástricas e duodenais e aumento da prevalência da úlcera idiopática. .

Rastreamento da frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares na Universidade Positivo / Screening of the frequency of behaviors suggestive of eating disorders at Positivo University

Objetivo: Rastrear a frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares em amostra de alunos de cursos pré-selecionados por sorteio da Universidade Positivo e com isso comparar a prevalência desses distúrbios alimentares entre os cursosselecionados e entre homens e mulheres, e confrontar com dados da literatura mundial. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal no qual foram aplicadas as auto-escalas Bite (Testede investigação Bulímica de Edimburgh) e EAT-26 (Teste de Atitudes Alimentares) em 463universitários dos cursos da área de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Positivo, pré-selecionados através de sorteio. Resultados: De acordo com a auto-escala EAT-26, 23 alunos (5%) apresentaram possíveis transtornos de alimentação, com predominância significativa do sexo feminino. E, segundo a auto-escala BITE, 17 estudantes (4%) apresentaram um escore compatível com bulimia nervosa. Encontramos ainda, através da escala BITE-gravidade, 6 alunos (1%) com alto grau de gravidade e 33 alunos (7,3%) com escore sugestivo de estado clínicocomprometido. Conclusões: Este estudo mostra uma frequência de transtornos alimentares na população estudada, assim como comportamentos alimentares inadequados, principalmente no sexo feminino, semelhante à encontrada na literatura. Concluímos que esses achados sãorelevantes para a clínica da faixa etária em estudo e que podem proporcionar o desenvolvimento de medidas assistenciais para portadores de transtornos alimentares, bem como futuros trabalhos em que poderemos compreender melhor os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios da alimentação...

Objective: The aim of this report is to trace the frequency of behavior that suggest eating disorders in a group of students of courses which were previously randomly selected among those of Universidade Positivo and compare the prevalence of these disorders between the courses and between men and women, confronting these data with those in worldwideliterature. Methods: This is a prevalence study in which the auto- scales of Bite (Bulimia Edimburgh Investigation Test) and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test) were applied in 463 university students of biological and health courses in Universidade Positivo, who had been previously selected at random. Results: According to the scale of EAT-26, 23 students (5%) presented possible eating disorder, with a significant predominance of females. Moreover, the autoscale of BITE indicated that 17 students (4%) had a score compatible with nervous bulimia. It has also been found, according to the BITE-severity scale, that 6 students (1%) had verysevere disorder and 33 students (7,3%) had a score that suggested a compromised clinical state. Conclusions: This study shows that the frequency of eating disorders in the populationstudied, as well as the frequency of inadequate eating behavior, particularly among females, is similar to the data available in literature. It is possible to conclude that these findings are relevant to the clinical practice among the age that was studied and that they can lead to the development of assistencial measures for patients with eating disorders and to future studies in which we might be able to have better understanding of the risk factors that contribute to thedevelopment of eating disorders...

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in advanced head and neck cancer / Gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea em pacientes com tumores avançados de cabeça e pescoço

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy performed as proposed by Gauderer et al. in 1980, has been used quite frequently in patients with head and neck tumors. Some authors believe that this so-called pull technique would be associated to the risk of a tumor implantation in the wound as well as high levels of peristomal wound infection. Although some alternative techniques provide better results, doubts about their technical applicability in daily practice still persists. AIM: To assess the feasibility, safety and morbidity of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy performed through a well-defined and standardized technique in patients with nonresectable or advanced head and neck cancer. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients who had either nonresectable or advanced tumors and were unable to be fed orally were submitted to an oncologic-hospital-based tertiary-referral endoscopy practice. Tubes were implanted through an introducer technique comprised of two main stages. The first consisted of the application of two stitches aiming to fixate the anterior gastric wall to the abdominal wall, and the second being the inserting of the gastrostomy tube. RESULTS: Between February 2003 and May 2004, 129 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were performed. This study included 60 patients. They were all able to receive food on the same day. Operative morbidity was observed in six patients (10%) and one procedure-related mortality was also observed (1.6%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is both feasible and safe, associated to low morbidity, and to acceptable mortality rates.

RACIONAL: A gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea executada conforme a técnica proposta por Gauderer et al., em 1980, tem sido freqüentemente utilizada em pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço. Diversos autores relatam que ela, conhecida como técnica de “puxar”, está associada a risco de implante de tumor na parede abdominal assim como risco bastante elevado de infecção na ferida operatória. Algumas variantes técnicas proporcionam melhores resultados, contudo existem dúvidas acerca da sua viabilidade técnica na prática diária. OBJETIVO: Verificar a exeqüibilidade, segurança e morbidade da gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea realizada por técnica padronizada e bem definida em pacientes com tumores avançados ou irressecáveis da cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: É descrita série consecutiva de pacientes com tumores avançados ou irressecáveis de cabeça e pescoço, incapazes de receber dieta por via oral, submetidos à gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea no setor de endoscopia digestiva de um hospital oncológico de referência terciária. As sondas foram implantadas pela técnica de punção compreendida de duas etapas principais. A primeira, consistiu na aplicação de dois pontos transfixantes com o propósito de fixar a parede anterior do estômago à parede abdominal. A segunda, introdução do tubo de gastrostomia por punção percutânea. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 129 gastrostomias endoscópicas percutâneas e incluiu 60 pacientes. Todos foram liberados para receber dieta no mesmo dia. Morbidade operatória ocorreu em seis pacientes (10%) e mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento foi verificada em um paciente (1,6%). CONCLUSÃO: A gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea é exeqüível e segura, além de estar associada à baixa morbidade e aceitável mortalidade.

Reprodutibilidade da classificação de Tile para fraturas do acetábulo

Classificar corretamente as fraturas acetabulares é crucial para bom planejamento pré-operatório e para redução cirúrgica eficiente. Entretanto, para cumprir seus objetivos, qualquer sistema de classificação deve ser simples e reprodutível. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a reprodutibilidade interobservador da classificação de Tile para fraturas do acetábulo. Foram utilizadas 30 imagens radiográficas de 10 fraturas acetabulares nas incidências de Judet, analisadas por 10 observadores, sendo cinco especialistas em cirurgia de quadril e cinco residentes do terceiro ano de ortopedia. A concordância global obtida foi de 72,44 por cento com Kappa (K) = 0,52 (0,48 entre residentes e 0,57 entre especialistas). Conclui-se que a classificação de Tile para fraturas acetabulares apresenta moderada concordância interobservador, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre residentes e especialistas.

Properly classifying acetabular fractures is crucial for a good preoperative planning and for an efficient surgical reduction. However, in order to accomplish its objectives, any classification system must be simple and reproducible. The objective of this article is to assess inter-observer reproducibility of TileÆs classification concerning acetabular fractures. Thirty X-ray images of 10 acetabular fractures at Judet planes were used and assessed by 10 observers, being five hip surgery experts and five 3rd-grade orthopaedic residents. The global consistency achieved was 72.44 percent to Kappa (K) = 0.52 (0.48 among resident doctors and 0.57 among experts). It was concluded that the TileÆs classification of acetabular fractures reveals a moderate inter-observer consistency, with no statistically significant difference between resident doctors and experts.