Carcinoma mucoepidermoide bronquial: a propósito de dos casos clínicos / Bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: apropos of two clinical cases

Resumen El carcinoma mucoepidermoide bronquial es una neoplasia infrecuente, representando el 0,1 a 0,2% de los tumores malignos primarios del pulmón. En general tiene un buen pronóstico, sin embargo, existe un subtipo de alto grado de pronóstico más ominoso. En este artículo se presentan dos casos clínicos de carcinoma mucoepidermoide bronquial de bajo grado, enfocado en su diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Bronchopulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm, accounting for 0.1 to 0.2% of primary malignant tumors of the lung. In general it has a good prognosis, however there is a subtype of high grade of more ominous prognosis. In this paper we present two clinical cases of low grade pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, focused on their diagnosis and surgical management.

Rol patogénico del gen supresor de tumores PTEN en cáncer ovárico asociado a endometriosis / Pathogenic role of PTEN tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer associated to endometriosis

Background: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. Aim: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). Material and methods: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p <0.005). There was a histological correlation between EA and a higher cellular proliferation index. PTEN was negative in 5 of 15 EN, 9 of 15 EA and 30 of 37 CE/CC. There was a correlation between LOH and loss of PTEN protein in EN, EA and ET (60%). Conclusions: Negative expression on PTEN in EN; EA; ET and CE/CC is a manifestation of the inactivation of this gene. The mechanisms that cause this inactivation, must be elucidated.

Humor de celulas de la granulosa del ovario

Se comunican 10 casos de tumor de células de la granulosa diagnósticados y/o tratados en nuestra Institución entre 1991 y 2002. Se revisa la forma de presentación, tipo cirugía, utilidad de la biopsia rápida, histología, distribución por etapas, el tipo de tratamiento y seguimiento posterior. El 70% de los casos se presentó en etapa I. En 4 de 5 casos en que se realizó biopsia contemporánea (80%), hubo concordancia con el informe definitivo. La modalidad terapéutica predominante en etapa temprana fue la cirugía (anexectomía en pacientes con deseo de paridad e histerectomia total más anexectomía bilateral en aquellas con paridad cumplida). En pacientes jóvenes diagnosticadas después de la cirugía inicial privilegiamos la reexploración para completar la etapificación. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 38 meses (12-140 meses). Solo hubo una recurrencia, en ganglios periaórticos, y fue tratada con bloqueo hormonal y quimioterapia. Concluimos que el tumor de la granulosa es una entidad poco frecuente, con diferentes formas de presentación clínica pero de buen pronóstico cuando se presenta en etapa temprana (etapa I) y se trata con cirugía sola.

Pubertad precoz periférica por tumor ovárico de las células de la granulosa juvenil: con manifestaciones iso y heterosexuales en una niña de 6 años / Precocious puberty in a six years old girl caused by a juvenile granulosa cell ovaric tumor: report of one case

A six years old girl consulted due to mammary development. On physical examination, clitoris enlargement and a tumor localized in the abdominal-pelvic region were observed. Hormonal study disclosed elevated testosterone and estradiol levels. On exploratory laparotomy, a right ovarian tumor was observed and a right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The contemporary biopsy informed a disgerminoma, leading to a surgical staging of the tumor. The definitive pathological diagnosis was a juvenile granular cell tumor, limited to the ovary. In the postoperative period, estradiol and testosterone levels returned to normal values and the pseudopuberty reverted. The patient did not receive adjuvant treatment and after three years of follow up, there is no evidence of tumor recidivism

Diagrama de flujo inmunohistoquímico para la diferenciación entre adenocarcinomas primarios y tumores metastásicos extraginecológicos más frecuente en el ovario / Immunohistochemical flow chart to differentiate between primary adenocarcinomas and the most frequent extragynecological metastases in the ovary

Background: The pathological differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic ovarian malignant tumors is usually difficult, specially for tumors originating in the gastrointestinal system or breast. Aim: To define an immunohistochemical flow chart to discriminate these tumor types. Material and methods: We performed a immunostaining analysis using a panel of six antibodies (CK 7, CA 125, CEA, CK20, BRST-2 and CA 15-3) in 3 tumor groups: 11 ovarian, 14 breast and 12 colonic primary tumors and in a study group of 38 ovarian tumors whose primary origin was unknown. Results: We defined an ovarian immunohistochemical pattern (CEA-/CK20-, 45 percent in ovarian tumors, 0 percent in breast or colonic tumors, p <0.001); an ovary/breast pattern (CEA+/CK20-, 0 percent in colonic tumors, p <0.001): a breast pattern (CEA+/CK20-/BKST-2+, 64 percent in breast tumors and 0 percent in colonic and ovarian tumors, p <0.001) and a colonic pattern (CEA+/ CK20+/CK7-, 67 percent in colonic tumors and 0 percent in breast and ovarian tumors, p <0.001). Conclusions: Employing a simple panel of antibodies, characteristic immunohistochemical patterns were defined for ovarian, breast and colonic tumors. These patterns allowed the identification of the origin of most tumors of the study group