ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Mallotus repandus (Euphorbiaceae), a widely distributed plant in South-East Asia, used as medicinal herb in many countries, including Thailand which is commonly used in the treatment of muscle and joint pain. Many active ingredients were found in Mallotus repandus, especially triterpenoids previously reported in various pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The objective of this study was to study the potential of the methanol extract of the stem bark of M. repandus on the migration of vascular endothelial cells and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells in comparing with to anti-mitotic drug, paclitaxel (Taxol)Methods: Non-cytotoxic concentrations of M. repandus extract, paclitaxel and vehicle were determined by MTT assay. Co-culture technique was performed to test for anti-migration. The cells were pre-treated with the non-cytotoxic concentrations of paclitaxel, extracts, or vehicle for 30 min before being added to insert (upper chamber), then further incubated for 18 h at 37oC in 5% CO2 incubator. The number of cells migrated to well (lower chamber) were counted under a microscope and the percentage of inhibition was calculated.Results: The findings revealed that the non-cytotoxic dose of the M. repandus extract could inhibit the migration of both vascular endothelial and CCA cells in dose-dependent manners.Conclusions: Our results suggested that the methanol extract of the M. repandus stem bark of had anti-tumor metastatic activity.Key words: Mallotus repandus, Cholangiocarcinoma, Anti-migration
ABSTRACT
Background: Derris scandens (Leguminosae) is used as traditional remedies in Thailand for arthritis. Phytochemicals obtained from the stems are mainly isoflavones such as genistein and their derivatives. Many anticancer activities of isoflavone have been reported, including antimigration effect.Objectives: To assess antimigration activity of D. scandens extract on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines compared to other human cancer cell lines and standard antimitotic drug (e.g., paclitaxel).Methods: Non-cytotoxic concentrations of D. scandens ethanol extract, paclitaxel and vehicle were determined by MTT assay. For antimigration assay, co-cultured technique using CCA cell lines (KKU-100, KKU-M139 and KKU-M213), hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was employed. The cells (2.5x104 cells) were pre-treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of tested drug or herbal extract for 30 min before adding to insert (upper chamber), then further incubated for 18 h at 37oC in 5% CO2 incubator. Non-migrating cells were removed using cotton swab, the number of cells migrated to well (lower chamber) were counted under a microscope and percent inhibition was calculated.Results: From MTT assay, in comparison to vehicle (0.25-1% DMSO), the non-cytotoxic concentrations were up to 800 g/ml 0.5% DMSO and 10-9 M for D. scandens and paclitaxel, repectively. Antimigration activity of D. scandens was clearly demonstrated with nearly all of the human cancer cell lines, except KKU-100 which is derived from the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma tissue. The migratory inhibition effect of paclitaxel was observed in all cell lines.Conclusions: The ethanol extract of D. scandens shows antimigration in most many cancer cell lines. For CCA cell lines, the extract showed potent inhibitory effect especially with squamous cell carcinoma (KKU-M139) and adenosquamous carcinoma (KKU-M213). Therefore, it is interesting that the extract may have a potential as antimetastasis on CCA cells, at least in part, mediated through antimigration activity.Key words: Derris scandens, Cholangiocarcinoma, Antimigration, Cytotoxicity\
ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
Background: Articular cartilage has limited self-healing potential. The repair of a chondral lesion is often unsuccessful unless subchondral bone plate is penetrated. However, the quality of the regenerated fibrocartilage is mechanically inferior to that of hyaline cartilage.Objective: To investigate the combined effect of hyaluronan (HA) and subchondral bone drilling (SBD) on the repair of full-thickness chondral defect (FTD) in rabbits.Materials and Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits, 3-4 months old were used. A 5 mm x 12 mm FTD was created on the patellar groove of both knees and only the left knee was drilled to make six small holes (1 mm diameter) inside the FTD to induce fibrocartilage generation. A week after the surgery, the animals were treated weekly with 0.3 ml intra-articular HA injection for 5 consecutive weeks while the control group was injected with normal saline solution (NSS). One month after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the lesions were examined macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically for the presence of type-I and type-II collagen as well as for chondrocyte proliferation.Results: New tissue grossly formed around SBD areas with histological appearance of fibrocartilage. FTD plus SBD in HA treated group showed significantly better histological grading than FTD treated with HA alone. Comparing the SBD lesion between HA-treated with the control group, the former showed histological evidence of better healing with increased chondrocyte proliferation and type II collagen content than the latter.Conclusions: Intraarticular injection of HA administered after SBD can enhance, at least in part, the quality of the repaired chondral tissue for FTD by increasing chondrocyte proliferation and type II collagen production.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, hyaluronan, subchondral drilling, full-thickness defect