ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Crotalus envenomations cause serious complications and can be fatal without appropriate treatment. Venom isoforms present and inter/intraspecific variations in the venom composition can result in different symptoms presented by bites by snakes from the same species but from different geographical regions. We comparatively evaluated the local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), C.d. collilineatus (Cdcolli), and C.d. cascavella (Cdcasc) envenomation. METHODS: Venom chromatography was performed. Proteolytic, phospholipase, and LAAO activities were analyzed. Edema, myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and coagulation alterations were evaluated. RESULTS: The venom SDS-PAGE analyses found the presence of convulxin, gyroxin, crotoxin, and crotamine in Cdt and Cdcolli venoms. Crotamine was not present in the Cdcasc venom. Cdt, Cdcollli, and Cdcasc venoms had no proteolytic activity. Only Cdcasc and Cdt venoms had phospholipase activity. LAAO activity was observed in Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms. Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms caused 36.7% and 13.3% edema increases, respectively. Cdt venom caused a 10% edema induction compared to those by other venoms. All venoms increased TOTAL-CK, MB-CK, and LDH levels (indicating muscle injury) and ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels (markers of liver damage) and were able to induce a neuromuscular blockade. Urea and creatinine levels were also altered in both plasma and urine, indicating kidney damage. Only Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms increased TAPP and TAP. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results allow us to draw a distinction between local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus subspecies, highlighting the clinical and biochemical effects produced by their respective venoms.
Subject(s)
Animals , Crotalus/classification , Crotalid Venoms/toxicity , Edema/chemically induced , Kidney/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Urea/blood , Creatine Kinase/drug effects , Creatine Kinase/blood , Creatinine/blood , Models, Animal , Edema/pathology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Alkaline Phosphatase/drug effects , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Transaminases/drug effects , Transaminases/blood , Kidney/pathology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/drug effects , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Liver/pathology , MiceABSTRACT
Este estudo se propõe a avaliar o perfil farmacocinético de comprimidos contendo lamivudina e zidovudina associados, produzidos pelo Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco LAFEPE. O medicamento foi administrado em 10 voluntários sadios e foram observadas as concentrações plasmáticas dos dois anti-retrovirais durante 12 horas. A partir das concentrações plasmáticas foi possível encontrar os parâmetros farmacocinéticos de ambas os fármacos através de cálculos estatísticos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com aqueles resultantes de experimentos realizados por outros autores descritos neste trabalho, em que verificou não haver diferenças significativas entre os valores encontrados e os descritos na literatura e que o fato dos anti-retrovirais estarem associados na mesma formulação não modificou o perfil cinético de nenhuma das substâncias