ABSTRACT
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis [M-ALA] is considered to be one of the complications caused by intravascular contrast media [CM] administration in diabetics especially those with coexisting renal or cardiac impairment. We focused on the necessity and duration of metformin suspension in diabetics with normal or impaired renal function scheduled for CT scan with IV contrast. Searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, we reviewed the latest relevant guidelines as well as articles published from 1994 to 2015. There is no global consensus among different guidelines on the duration of the Metformin suspension before CT scan with IV contrast. Also, lack of substantial evidence supporting M-ALA encourages specialists to take a less conservative approach. It is safe to continue Metformin in patients with normal renal function who have no co-morbidities. In cases of equivocal renal function [30
ABSTRACT
Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a progressive autoimmune disease with a wide range of morphological and functional changes in microscopic examination of small blood vessels. Identification of vascular diseases at early stage, plays an essential role in the prevention of its' vascular complications. Nailfold capillaroscopy [NFC] is a non-invasive, easy, painless, and accurate method for evaluation of microcirculation and could be used for this purpose. The vast majority of studies on capillaroscopy in lupus patients have shown that changes are not specified to lupus -unlike Systemic Sclerosis- and are more likely to overlap with other diseases. Therefore, it was decided to check capillaroscopic changes and evaluate morphological changes and capillary structure in terms of quality and quantity in lupus patients
Materials and Methods: Nail fold capillaroscopic findings of 114 patients aged 19-75 years old were reviewed in this study. The results were categorized as: a] normal, b] non-specific morphological abnormalities, and c] Scleroderma-like pattern. Results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using SPSS 21 software. "Chi square" test was used to analyze the relationships between variables [P<0.05 was considered significant]
Results: Our results show that Lupus -independent of any other microvascular risk factor can significantly affect the morphology and structure of blood circulation and these changes are shown with detail by nail fold capillaroscopy
Conclusion: Most of the findings are in line with similar studies performed by other investigators in this field. However, no specific pattern was recognized and microbleeding was higher in our patients with scleroderma-like pattern of involvement
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [NAFLD], as one of the health problems, and its complications are increasing. Inadequate physical activity and obesity are the determinants of the incidence of NAFLD. This study aimed to compare physical activity and Body Mass Index [BMI] in both groups of patients with and without NAFLD in Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, 170 outpatients aged 20 to 55 who referred to Taleghani Hospital of Tehran for sonography participated. They were selected using convenience sampling method. Using completing the questionnaires through systematic interviews with individuals, socio-demographic characteristics, complain and the level of physical activity were assessed. Anthropometric measurements and ultrasound were also performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods for descriptive data analysis, T-test and Chi-square tests to compare of the means between groups and to determine the relationship between variables. Most patients with NAFLD [60%] had intense level of physical activity and only a small percentage of them [11.3%] had low level of physical activity. While in the group of patients with NAFLD, most people [36.7%] had moderate level of physical activity and 28.9% had low level physical activity. The difference between the level of physical activity in the two groups was significant [p=0.001]. The mean [SD] BMI of patients with NAFLD was higher than patients without NAFLD [32.8[6.6] vs. 24.4[3]] [p<0.001]. Considering the prevalence of obesity and inadequate physical activity in patients with NAFLD, life style change recommended through designing and implementation of educational interventions to increase their knowledge and improve attitude, also physical activity interventions as option with diet to improve clinical status
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease [NAFLD] and its complications in adults are increasing. Nutritional habits and its consequent obesity are major risk factors for developing the disease. The aim of this study was comparing nutritional habits and body mass index in two groups of participants with and without NAFLD. This case control study was performed with participation of 170 people aged 20-55, who referred to the department of sonography in the Taleghani teaching hospital of Tehran. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data collected by interview with the individuals. Socio-demographic characteristics, reason for referring, and nutritional habits were determined. Anthropometric measurements and liver ultrasound were also performed. Data were analyzed by using t-test for comparing the means between 2 groups and chi-square test for determining the relationship between the variables. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. The group with the disease significantly consumed more high-fat dairy products than the group without the disease [42% vs. 23%] [P=0.013]. The mean [SD] for weekly consumption of fruits in the group with the disease was significantly higher than that in the group without the disease 11.6[6.7] vs. 8.2[5.5] unit [P=0.001]. The mean [SD] for BMI of the group with the disease was higher than that of the group without the disease 32.8[6.6] vs. 24.4[3] respectively [P<0.001]. Unexpectedly, the mean [SD] for weekly consumption of fast foods in the group without fatty liver with 0.8[0.9] was two times more than that in the affected group with 0.4[0.8] [P=0.012]. The prevalence of obesity and some unhealthy eating habits in patients with NAFLD and those at risk, requires designing and implementing educational interventions for increasing individuals' awareness and improving their attitude towards healthy eating behaviors