Efecto antinociceptivo y antiinflamatorio del aceite esencial de Lippia pedunculosa Hayek y su complejo de inclusión de ß-ciclodextrina / Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Lippia pedunculosa Hayek essential oil and its ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex

Lippia pedunculosa Hayek (EOLp) presenta efectos tripanocidas y amebicidas. En este trabajo se estudia su aceite esencial en modelos experimentales de analgesia e inflamación una vez que la prevalencia del dolor en la población genera un gran sufrimiento y discapacidad, y los medicamentos que se usan con mayor frecuencia tienen efectos secundarios indeseables. También se evalúa si la formulación del complejo de inclusión EOLp/ß-ciclodextrina (ß-CD) fue capaz de mejorar la actividad antinociceptiva de la EOLp sola. Los datos se evaluaron mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA), seguido de la prueba de Tukey. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas si p<0,05. EOLp presentó un mejor efecto antinociceptivo en comparación con el complejo de inclusión EOLp/ß-CD. De esta manera, las ciclodextrinas parecen no ser eficientes para aceites esenciales con sustancias de peróxido. Sin embargo, en peritonitis, EOLp redujo la migración total de leucocitos y los niveles de IL-1ß en el líquido peritoneal, lo que confirma su efecto antiinflamatorio. Los efectos observados sugieren que EOLp es una buena y prometedora opción para el tratamiento de la inflamación y los trastornos relacionados con el dolor.

Lippia pedunculosa Hayek (EOLp) presents tripanocid and amebicid effects. However essential oil needs to be further studied in experimental models of analgesia and inflammation once the prevalence of pain in the population generates great suffering and disability and the drugs most often used have undesirable side effects. We also evaluated whether the inclusion complex formulation EOLp/ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) was able to improve the antinociceptive activity of the EOLp alone. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test. Differences were considered significant if p<0.05. EOLp presented better antinociceptive effect when compared to the EOLp/ß-CD inclusion complex. Thus, cyclodextrins appear not to be efficient for essential oils with peroxide substances. However, in peritonitis, EOLp reduced total leucocyte migration and IL-1ß levels in the peritoneal fluid, which confirmed its anti-inflammatory effect. The observed effects suggest that EOLp is the best promising option for the treatment of inflammation and pain-related disorders.

Relação entre Valores de Leucócitos e PCR-US Com o Consumo Alimentar Habitual de Vitamina com Ação Antioxidante em Idosos / Relationship between Leukocyte Counting and PCR-US with the Usual Dietary Intake of Vitamins with Antioxidant Action among Elderly People

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre os valores de leucócitos e proteína C- reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) e o consumo alimentar habitual de vitaminas com ação antioxidante em idosos, considerando-se a inexistência de estudos. Material e Métodos: Adotou-se delineamento epidemiológico transversal, utilizando-se amostragem de uma população idosa, envolvendo 174 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de diferentes condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, como obesidade, hipertensão e diabetes. Resultados: Para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Houve correlação negativa entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina E (r = -0,29, p = 0,0316), ß-caroteno (r = -0,32, p = 0,0189), leucócito e vitamina A (r = -0,36, p= 0,0062), e correlação entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina C, como também entre PCR-us e o consumo alimentar habitual dessas vitaminas. Conclusão: Com base nas correlações encontradas entre os valores de leucócitos e as vitaminas mencionadas, a ingestão dessas vitaminas, seria ainda mais justificada, considerando-se também, a sua importância na adequação dos valores de leucócitos. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte counts and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the usual dietary intake of vitamins with antioxidant action in the elderly. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 174 individuals aged 60 years and over, from different socioeconomic and health conditions, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Results: To verify the correlation among the study variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was utilized. There was a negative correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin E (r = -0.29, p = 0.0316), ß -carotene (r = -0.32, p = 0.0189), as well as vitamin A (r = - 0.36, p = 0.0062). On the other hand, there was a correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin C as well as between the hs-CRP and the usual intake of these vitamins. Conclusion: Based on the correlations found, the intake of these vitamins would be more justified considering their importance in the adaptability of leukocyte counts. (AU)

Antinociceptive activity of Sargassum polyceratium and the isolation of its chemical components

Abstract Marine algae have been the focus of important studies over the past fifty years, with a considerable number of components important to chemists and taxonomists having been isolated and characterized. The scientific data available on Sargassum polyceratium are extremely limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of an ethanol extract of S. polyceratium and to isolate its components. Intraperitoneal treatment with ethanol extract of S. polyceratium reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes and the amount of time spent in paw-licking in the second phase of the formalin test. Ethanol extract of S. polyceratium also reduced the amount of time spent in paw-licking in the glutamate test; however, there was no difference in the reaction time in the hot plate test at any of the doses tested. The chemical components isolated from ethanol extract of S. polyceratium were identified using one- and two-dimensional spectroscopic methods such as infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The analytical results were also compared with data obtained in the literature. The following porphyrin derivatives were isolated from S. polyceratium: 132-hydroxy-(132-R)-pheophytin-a, 132-hydroxy-(132-S)-pheophytin-a, pheophytin-a, and the steroid fucosterol. The present results indicate that the ethanol extract of S. polyceratium has antinociceptive activity. In addition, four new substances were isolated from the species evaluated.

Ansiedade Patológica: Bases Neurais e Avanços na Abordagem Psicofarmacológica / Pathological Anxiety: Neural Bases and Advances in Psychopharmacological Approach

Apresentar uma visão atualizada e ampla da ansiedade emsua manifestação patológica, suas bases neurais e o avanço na suaabordagem terapêutica psicofarmacológica. Material e Métodos: Foirealizada uma revisão de literatura usando como fonte de pesquisaartigos indexados pela base de dados Pubmed, Medline e pesquisasem livros específicos que investigaram a ansiedade em seu aspectopatológico. Resultados: A literatura revelou que na gênese dostranstornos da ansiedade vários neurotransmissores são implicados,uma vez que eles participam, em maior ou menor grau, da modulaçãoe regulação dos comportamentos defensivos. As evidências obtidasaté então permitem constatar o progresso alcançado no tratamentodos transtornos da ansiedade com a utilização dos benzodiazepínicose, mais recentemente, com o uso de antidepressivos. Novasalternativas para o tratamento dos transtornos da ansiedade envolvempesquisas relacionadas à descoberta de novos antidepressivos, aouso de peptídeos neuroativos, como a colecistocinina (CCK), fatorde liberação de corticotropina (CRH), neuropetídeo Y, e antagonistasdo receptor glutamatérgico NMDA. Conclusão: Observa-se o progressoalcançado no tratamento farmacológico dos transtornos da ansiedadecom a utilização principalmente dos antidepressivos. Entretanto, umlongo caminho ainda haverá que ser trilhado em busca de novasopções terapêuticas para abordagem destes transtornos...

To present an updated and broad perspective of anxietyconcerning its pathological manifestation, neural bases and theprogress in its psychopharmacological therapeutic approach. Method:It was conduced a literature review whose source of research waspapers indexed by the database Pubmed, Medline and researchesfrom specific books that investigated the anxiety in its pathologicalaspect. Results: As regards the genesis of anxiety disorders, severalneurotransmitters are involved since they participate, in a greater orlesser degree, in the modulation and regulation of defensive behaviors.The evidence obtained so far allows noting the progress achieved inthe treatment of anxiety disorders with the use of benzodiazepinesand, more recently, antidepressants. New alternatives for the treatmentof the anxiety-related disorders involve researches related to thediscovery of new antidepressants, to the use of neuroactive peptidessuch as cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotropin releasing factor (CRH),neuropeptide Y, and antagonists of glutamatergic NMDA receptor.Conclusion: Advances can be observed in the pharmacologicaltreatment of anxiety disorders mainly by using antidepressants.However, there is still a long way to be followed in order to find newtherapeutic options for these disorders...