Actuación de enfermería en la prevención y control del riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional / Nursing Performance in Prevention and Control of Preconception Reproductive Health

RESUMEN Introducción: La prevención de la enfermedad y la muerte durante el proceso de reproducción es uno de los pilares fundamentales para el desarrollo de la salud reproductiva, donde el rol de la enfermera juega un papel primordial en el empoderamiento del autocuidado de la mujer en edad fértil. Objetivo: Sistematizar la actuación de enfermería en la prevención y control del riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática para realizar análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de artículos originales y de revisión publicados en español entre 2005 y 2015. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos Medline EMBASE, Current Contents, Science Citation Index, de enero a marzo de 2016, las palabras clave utilizadas fueron "riesgo preconcepcional", "práctica de enfermería", y "atención de enfermería al riesgo preconcepcional". Tras la identificación de los estudios pre-seleccionados se llevó a cabo la lectura de los títulos, resumen y palabras clave, comprobando la pertinencia con el estudio. Conclusión: Un adecuado conocimiento de la mujer en edad fértil sobre el riesgo preconcepcional permite mantener un estado de salud óptimo para asumir un embarazo con resultados finales satisfactorios. El déficit de conocimientos en la mujer sobre padecimientos o hábitos de riesgo para su salud y para asumir un embarazo satisfactorio, a ello se suma insuficiente trabajo de enfermería en la prevención del riesgo preconcepcional(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preventing disease and death during the reproduction process is one of the fundamental pillars for the development of reproductive health, in which the nurse plays a key role in empowering the self-care of women at childbearing age. Objective: To systematize the nursing action in prevention and control of preconception reproductive risk. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review to carry out a reflexive critical analysis of the content of original and review articles published in Spanish between 2005 and 2015. The search was carried out in the databases Medline EMBASE, Current Contents, and Science Citation Index, from January to March 2016; the key words used were riesgo preconcepcional [preconception risk], práctica de enfermería [nursing practice], y atención de enfermería al riesgo preconcepcional [nursing care over preconception risk]. After the identification of the pre-selected studies, the titles, summary and key words were read, verifying the relevance with the study. Conclusion: An adequate knowledge of women of childbearing age on preconception risk allows maintaining an optimal state of health to assume a pregnancy with satisfactory final results. The lack of knowledge in women about conditions or habits of risk for their health and for assuming a satisfactory pregnancy, to which insufficient nursing work is added in the prevention of preconception risk(AU)

Components of (co)variance of the days open in Siboney dairy cows / Componentes de (co)variância dos dias vazios em vacas leiteiras Siboney

The records of 63,406 calvings of Siboney dairy cows (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cuban Zebu) were used to estimate the components of covariance of the days open (DO). Five models were used: of repeatability; univariate; bivariate; of random regression with Legendre polynomials and the parity number as predicting variable; and a model of random regression with Legendre polynomials and heterogeneity of the residual variance. The heritability obtained with the univariate model was 0.09 in the first calving and decreased to 0.05 in the fifth. A higher estimate of heritability (0.12) was obtained with the repeatability model. When the model of random regression with heterogeneity of the residual variance was used, the heritability was higher than the values estimated with the previous models. The genetic correlations among the DO in different calvings, estimated with the models of random regression with and without heterogeneity of the residual variance, were close to 1.0. It is concluded that the estimates of heritability increased with the use of the random regression models. The genetic correlations among the DO of different calvings indicated that in the first three, the DO are regulated for the most part by the same genes.

Os registros de 63.406 partos de vacas Siboney (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cebu de Cuba) foram utilizados para estimar os componentes de (co)variância de dias vazios (DV). Utilizaram-se cinco modelos: de repetitividade; univariado; bivariado; de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e número de partos como variável preditiva; e de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e heterogeneidade da variância residual. A herdabilidade obtida com o modelo univariado foi de 0,09 no primeiro e diminuiu a 0,05 no quinto parto. Uma estimativa de herdabilidade mais alta (0,12) foi obtida com o modelo de repetitividade. Quando foi usado o modelo de regressão aleatória com heterogeneidade da variância residual a herdabilidade foi superior aos valores estimados com os modelos anteriores. As correlações genéticas entre os DV em distintos partos, estimadas com os modelos de regressão aleatória com e sem heterogeneidade da variância residual, foram próximos a 1,0. Concluiu-se que as estimativas de herdabilidade foram incrementadas com o uso dos modelos de regressão aleatória. As correlações genéticas entre os DV de diferentes partos indicaram que, nos três primeiros, os DV são regulados na sua maior proporção pelos mesmos genes.