ABSTRACT
A prospective study was done during mid-April to mid-June 2021 to analyze the sudden rise in cases of Mucormycosis. We assessed characteristics, related comorbidities, disease locale, steroid administration and disease outcome in patients. Cases of Mucormycosis associated with RTPCR positive for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and Mucormycosis occurring in patients with negative RTPCR for COVID-19 were compared. A total of 103 Mucormycosis patients were analyzed, 84 (81.55%) were RTPCR positive. Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus (70.87%) was the most common comorbidity present among RTPCR positive and negative Mucormycosis patients. Rhino-orbital and Rhino-sinusoidal sites were equally involved (44.0%), followed by Rhino-orbital-cerebral (11.9%) region. We ascribe the spike in Mucormycosis episodes to the trio of diabetes, excessive corticosteroid usage in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the frequent and serious bacterial infection amongst children. Children that are diagnosed with urinary tract infection account for about 1 million of office visits annually and 500,000 visits to emergency department. The present study was done to assess the characteristics of children with urinary tract infection and determine the most commonly isolated organism in culture.Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the OPD of Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The socio demographic information was obtained from the guardians and filled in pre designed questionnaires. Midstream urine sample was collected in a sterile container after cleaning the urethral meatus. The criteria for culture positive was more than 105 colony forming units per ml of urine and growth of a single organism. All the data was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The present study enrolled a total of150 subjects with urinary tract infections. The mean age of the subjects was 5.89 +/-2.87 years. There were 20% (n=30) subjects less than 1 year of age, 40% (n=60) subjects each were between 1-5 years and 6-14 years of age. Dysuria was seen in 14% children and pain in abdomen was observed amongst 12% children. There were 82% (n=123) subjects with culture positive for gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: In our study, circumcision amongst boys and undernutrition was significantly associated with UTI. The most commonly isolated microorganisms from urine culture were gram negative bacteria.
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute respiratory infections are infections of any portion of respiratory tract or any linked structures like pleural cavity, para nasal sinuses and middle ear. It comprises of a new means occurring in any subject who has been symptom free for at least 48 hours and the infections are less than 30 days duration except for that of the middle ear where the duration is less than 14 days. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the incidence of respiratory tract infections amongst children of rural and urban areas. Materials and methods: The present prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of pediatrics for a period of 4 months. The questionnaire had information regarding the lifestyle and habits of parents. The level of maternal education was taken into consideration. Modified prasad’s classification was used to socially classify the subjects. Chi square test and student t test was used to perform the statistical analysis. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The present study 320 subjects out of which there were 73 subjects who had acute respiratory infection. There were 47% (n=16) males and 53% (n=18) females between 0-1 years of age. Acute respiratory infection was seen amongst 27 urban children and 46 rural children. There was significant difference between the two. Out of the children living in urban suburbs, there were 7.4% who belonged to social class I, 11.1% belonging to class II, 18.5% belonging to class II, 29.6% to Class IV and 33.3% to class V. Conclusion: From the above study we can conclude that ARI is more common amongst children residing in rural areas.