ABSTRACT
Regarding the type of service receivers as well as the technicality of the services provided, these services often bear high complexity and difficulty which can eventually lead to job burnout and shortage of motivation in the staff In this study, the factors affecting job motivation from the viewpoints of staff and managers of Semnan Welfare Organization have been identified and possible differences have been analyzed. In the present study, based on Herzberg's model of job motivation and considering several assessment tools produced according to this model, a draft of a researcher-designed questionnaire was prepared in order to determine the factors affecting job motivation in the staff and managers of the State Welfare Organization in Semnan province. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was determined and approved by 10 experts, 5 managers and 15 staff members of the Semnan Welfare Organization who were selected purposefully, using the Lawsche's method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed and approved by test-retest correlation coefficient determination. After informed consent was obtained, all staff and managers conforming to the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study and to complete the questionnaire. In contrast to Herzberg's theory which considers intrinsic factors as more important than extrinsic factors in causing motivation, our results demonstrated that staff and managers of Semnan Welfare Organization believed extrinsic factors provoked higher motivation. The major motivation factors for staff and managers of Semnan Welfare province were somehow related to management practices of managers and staff, both of which are categorized as extrinsic factors
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This present study aims to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training on anxiety in female MS patients.
Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental research method with pre-test post-test, control group and random assignment. The statistical population fully consisted of female MS patients referred to the Iran MS association in 2014, from which 24 individuals were selected by accessible sampling, who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For measuring the independent variable, Beck's Anxiety inventories were used.
Results: The results of ANCOVA showed that cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training was effective in reducing the anxiety of female MS patients [p= 0.05].
Discussion: According to the results obtained, we believe that the cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training program has been effective on anxiety reduction in female MS patients. Thus, this training method can be used for target groups and the general population as an interventional program.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of verbal self-Instruction on pessimistic attribution style about negative events in children with dyslexia.
Methods: The study was semi-experimental with pre and post-test and control group. The statistical population consists of all dyslexic students of Maktab Ali School in Tehran City. Forty students were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to two groups: experimental and control. Experimental group received verbal self-instruction, Mychnbam and Goodman method in 8 sessions, two sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes; while the control group received only the routine school training. The measurement was Children's Attribution Style Questionnaire, and data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: Negative pessimistic attribution style [general, stable and internal] were significantly decreased [p <0.005] in the experimental group in comparison with control group after intervention.
Discussion: Verbal self instruction can be applied in children with dyslexia for improvement of attribution style by psychologists, teachers, educators, special schools, parents and all those who are dealing with these children.