Bilateral granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the breast in CML in blast crisis: a case report.

A 35 year old lady was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia in May 1999 and thereafter started on chemotherapy. Three years later the patient presented with bilateral breast masses. FNAC from both the breast lesions showed leukemic infiltration (granulocytic sarcoma). The peripheral blood picture showed blastic transformation. Breast is an uncommon site for development of granulocytic sarcoma. We present this case because of its unusual location and bilateral nature.

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder--a case report.

Paragangliomas of the urinary bladder are extremely rare tumors accounting for less than 1% of all bladder tumors. Males and females are affected roughly equally with an average age of 41 years. Hypertension and headache during or immediately after voiding in association with intermittent hematuria is virtually diagnostic of urinary bladder paragangliomas. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose these tumors. We present a case of a urinary bladder paraganglioma because of its rarity.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (carcinosarcoma) of the esophagus with extensive areas of osseous differentiation: a case report.

A 46 year old male presented with progressively increasing dysphagia and weight loss. Esophagoscopy showed a large polypoidal growth involving the middle segment of esophagus. Histologically bulk of the tumour had a sarcoma-like appearance composed of spindly pleomorphic cells along with extensive areas of bone formation. The epithelial element was represented by a small area of squamous cell carcinoma. One of the draining lymph nodes also showed small islands of squamous cell carcinoma. A diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma was made. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus, also termed carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma, and spindle cell carcinoma is an unusual malignant tumour of the esophagus. The proportion of carcinomatous and sarcomatous component may vary from case to case. Rarely, the sarcomatous component may exhibit osseous differentiation as in our case.

Neurofibromatosis of the colon: an unusual manifestation of von Recklinghausen's diseases--a case report.

Multiple neurofibromas arising in nerves are well established features of von Recklinghausen's disease. However, significant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon, is a rare entity. We hereby report a case of colonic neurofibromatosis.

Acute myelofibrosis.

Acute myelofibrosis is a rare disorder. Five such cases have been diagnosed out of 3,149 Bone Marrow (B.M) Aspirations and Trephine Biopsies studied over a period of eight and a half years. Four out of five patients were males and the other female. Their age ranged from 14-71 years. Neither splenomegaly not red cell poikilocytosis (tear drop cells) were prominant features. B.M. trephine biopsy showed increase of atypical megakaryocytes/megakaryoblasts and marked fibrosis. There was rapid downhill clinical course of the disease in all cases.

Case report of intramuscular myxoma with review of literature.

This is a case report of a lady who presented with mass in the abdominal wall, clinically diagnosed as neurofibroma. On histological examination it was proven to be an intramuscular myxoma. Since it is rare it was thought relevant to report this case.

Mediastinal enterogenic cyst presenting as paraplegia--a case report.

A rare case of a mediastinal enterogenic cyst with an intraspinal extension through a anterior vertebral defect presenting with paraplegia in a 10 year boy is presented. Laminectomy and the trans-thoracic excision of the cyst resulted in the complete recovery of the neural deficit.

Epithelioid granulomas in Hodgkin's disease--prognostic significance.

Prognostic significance of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas in association with Hodgkin's disease has been studied. Such granulomas were found in 15 of the total of 104 cases of Hodgkin's disease encountered between Jan. 1981 and June 1990. These 15 patients were compared with 30 concurrent patients of Hodgkin's disease who did not have associated granulomas. All the patients were initially staged, treated and followed up for a period of two years. There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the granuloma group and the control group. However, in relapse free survival rate in advanced stages of the disease (III & IV), although the difference between granuloma group and the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.11), yet the relapse free survival curves revealed a tendency towards better survival with lesser number of relapses and longer remissions in granuloma group.

Hodgkin's disease: a clinicopathologic study.

One hundred and four cases of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed between July 1981 and June 1991 have been analysed. There was a definite male preponderance. Majority of the patients (82.7%) were below the age of 50 years. Mixed cellularity was the most common type (57.7%). It was followed by both nodular sclerosis and lymphocyte predominant types (16.3% each). Lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease, the most aggressive variant, was the least common (9.7%). The detailed observations, as compared to the previous studies in this region as well as in other parts of the world have been presented and discussed.

Primary malignancies of the corpus uteri retrospective five year analysis.

Primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus are less common in India compared to carcinoma of the cervix. This study analyzed 86 primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus over a 5 year period with regard to incidence of the various tumours, age group, gravidity, any predisposing factor, and the incidence of carcinoma of the cervix in the same period. Adeno-carcinomas were found to be the most common type of tumour. Tropho-blastic malignancies and mixed mullerian tumours also formed a significant number of cases. Compared to Western studies our patients with adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and mixed mullerian tumour, were younger. Patients with adeno-carcinomas had a higher parity and patients with choriocarcinoma had a lower parity. Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were not as common as in the West. Carcinoma of the cervix was found to be commoner than primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus.

Serum fucose levels in gynaecological disorders including carcinoma cervix.

Serum protein bound fucose levels and the ratio between serum protein bound fucose and total serum protein were determined in 40 healthy females, 60 patients with benign gynaecological disorders and 50 patients with previously untreated cases of carcinoma cervix. The mean serum fucose level in healthy subjects was 8.96 mg% and the ratio between serum protein bound fucose and total serum protein was 1.29 x 10(-3). Mean serum fucose level in patients with benign gynaecological disorders was 9.42 mg% and the ratio between serum protein bound fucose and total serum protein was 1.42 x 10(-3). In stage I and II carcinoma cervix patients mean serum fucose was 11.92 mg% and the ratio between serum protein bound fucose and total serum protein was 1.68 x 10(-3). In stage III and IV carcinoma cervix patients the mean serum fucose was 17.76 mg% and the ratio between serum protein bound fucose and total serum protein was 2.64 x 10(-3).

Ovarian tumours--prevalence in Punjab.

In a 15 year retrospective study of ovarian tumours, in Medical College, Amristsar, 636 cases were reviewed. Serous tumours were the commonest with 208 cases followed by mucinous tumours which formed the 2nd commonest group with 159 cases and teratoma which formed the 3rd commonest group with 142 cases. Of 636 tumours, 420 were benign, 201 malignant and 15 of borderline malignancy.