ABSTRACT
Background: The fetal-origin hypothesis and fetal programming emphasize the profound and sustained impact of factors related to fetal health on the development of chronic disease in adulthood. Several studies suggested that low birth weight and preterm birth linked to abnormalities in cord lipid profile and higher prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Authors objectives was to estimate and compare cord lipid profile in term, pre-term, and post-term neonates.Methods: In the study group, there were 200 healthy Polish newborns. Newborn characteristics included sex, gestational age at birth, Apgar score, and anthropometric data (weight and length at birth, neonatal ponderal index, head, chest and abdominal circumferences, placental weight, and placental-fetal weight ratio). Cord blood samples were collected for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Information regarding selected maternal factors was collected. Neonates were classified into preterm (<37 weeks) and term (?37 weeks) based on new Ballard scoring.Results: The preterm had higher Total cholesterol compared to Term and post term and it was Statistically Significant with a p value of < 0.001. The preterm had higher Triglycerides compared to term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.01. The preterm had higher HDL compared to Term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.001. The preterm had higher LDL compared to Term and post term it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.001. The preterm had higher VLDL compared to Term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.01.Conclusions: Abnormal intrauterine milieu created by maternal changes during gestation may bear a profound impact on lipid metabolism in neonates, which may account for their differences in lipid profile and anthropometry at birth.
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute respiratory infections constitute one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years of age in developing countries. For logistic reasons, WHO recommended case management is structured towards treatment as pneumonia in preference to acute asthma. It is warned that wheezing can occur during pneumonia and therefore, care must be taken when treating wheezing not to miss treating pneumonia with an antibiotic. Current WHO ARI CASE MANAGEMENT guidelines, in a child presenting with cough and rapid breathing, there is a predilection for over -treatment of pneumonia and under treatment of asthma.Methods: Totally 245 children were included in the study. They were classified into asthmatic and LRI prone with the help of simple predictors.Results: The combination of fever, chest indrawing and persistent tachypnoea after bronchodilator has an excellent specificity of 96.12% in predicting the presence of pulmonary infiltrate. The presence of more than two episodes of similar respiratory distress, previous H/O of nebulization and family H/O asthma, either alone or in combination may point more towards asthma as a cause of cough and respiratory distress.Conclusions: In a child presenting with cough and fast breathing with a previous similar episode, trial nebulization can be given before investigating further for pneumonia.
ABSTRACT
Franceschetti-Goldenhar syndrome or Goldenhar syndrome, also known as facio-auricular-spectrum (FAV), first and second branchial arch syndrome, or Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral (OAV) spectrum is a rare congenital malformation which encompasses various morphological and functional abnormalities. The incidence of Goldenhar syndrome has been reported between 1:3500 to 1:5600 children, with a male: female ratio of 3:23. The incidence is higher, about 1 in 1000 children with congenital deafness. The exact etiology is not known. However, it is possible that abnormal embryonic vascular supply, disrupted mesodermal migration or some other factors leads to defective formation of the brachial and vertebral system. Most of the cases have been sporadic. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and multifactorial modes of inheritance have also been suggested. Chromosomal studies have not revealed any abnormality. Authors report a case of a neonate with hemifacial microsomia, bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, right deformed pinna, right facial palsy, single umbilical artery and congenital heart disease.