ABSTRACT
Background: rs4340ID polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) correlates with serum ACE levels in many known cancers. This study analyzed ACE rs4340 ID polymorphism in lung cancer (LC) in older patients of North India and correlated it with addiction status. Methods: The study enrolled all subjects aged 60 years and above with 154 LC and 205 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and validated by sequencing of 10% of the sample. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics 21. Results: Genotype II was observed to have a significant 2.21-fold increased risk of LC as compared to the DD genotype and 3.43-folds enhanced risk with interaction of I allele with tobacco consumption habits as compared to D allele in LC was seen. Conclusion: The risk of LC was higher with II genotype as compared to DD genotype. Interactive effect showed that I allele with tobacco habits may increase the risk of LC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Search for an indigenous safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent continues to be an exciting area of research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Leucas clarki, in animal models. Methods: Analgesic activity was evaluated in albino mice by acetic acid induced writhing test. Antipyretic study was carried out in albino rats by inducing pyrexia with brewer’s yeast. Analgesic activity was expressed as percentage of reduction in number of writhings compared to vehicle (Tween-80) and antipyretic activity was expressed as reduction of rectal temperature compared to basal temperature, after 18 hours of induction of pyrexia. Leucas clarki extract was administered at 3 doses (100,200,400mg/Kg) intraperitoneally. Student’s paired and unpaired “t” test was applied to test significance. Results: Methanolic extract of Leucas clarki (MLC) at dose 200 mg and 400mg /kg produced 19.17% & 32.03% of reduction of no. of writhing induced by acetic acid compared to that of Tween 80 treated control mice, However this is less compared to aspirin treated control rats. In model of pyrexia all the three doses of MLC produced significant reduction of rectal temperature compared to basal temperature (18hrs). Antipyretic effect was appreciated at very first hour and persisted till the end of 6 hours like that of paracetamol. Both 100 &200 mg/kg MLC were equivalent in potency as that Paracetamol (33mg/kg I.P) and 400mg/kg was even better than Paracetamol. Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Leucas clarki possesses excellent antipyretic and analgesic property.