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1.
Periodontia ; 21(3): 67-73, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-642326

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo se propôs a avaliar morfometricamete (região da ligadura ou hemiarco) e radiograficamente (suporte ósseo periodontal) a perda óssea na periodontite experimental em ratos. Ligaduras de algodão foram posicionadas em torno do segundo molar maxilar e primeiro molar mandibular direitos em 14 ratas fêmeas (Wistar). Os molares contralaterais serviram como controle intragrupo. Após quatro semanas os ratos foram sacrificados e suas mandíbulas e maxilas foram removidas. Os espécimes foram radiografados e posteriormente dissecados, corados e fotografados. As alterações do suporte ósseo periodontal (SOP) foram avaliadas nas radiografias do 1° molar mandibular, 1° e 2° molares maxilares. Nas imagens a reabsorção óssea foi avaliada pelas alterações das medidas da distância da junção esmalte-cemento até a crista óssea alveolar nas raízes do dente, considerando hemiarco ou apenas a região da ligadura, por face livre. Verificou-se que não ocorreram diferenças estatísticas entre as alterações de SOP nos diferentes dentes. A reabsorção óssea foi significativamente maior na vestibular da maxila considerando tanto a região da ligadura em relação ao hemiarco quanto em relação às demais localizações (palatina da maxila e lingual da mandíbula). Conclui-se que o SOP expressa o percentual de alteração óssea independente do dente avaliado e que a análise morfométrica deve ser na região envolvida com a ligadura e não no hemiarco, sendo a vestibular da maxila a região onde se verificou a maior perda óssea em periodontite induzida em ratos


The present study aimed to morphometrically (region of ligature or hemiarco) and radiographically (periodontal bone support) the bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. Ligatures of cotton were positioned around the right second upper molar and around the first mandibular molar rights in 14 female Wistar rats. The contralateral molars served as intragroup controls. After four weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their mandible and maxilla were removed. The specimens were radiographiced and after dissected and stained with methylene blue dye. The periodontal bone support (PBS) was assessment in radiograph of 1° mandibular molar, 1° and 2° maxillary molars. The bone loss was evaluated by the distance from the cemento enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest inthe roots of teeth associating with ligature and by hemiarco for free side. The different tooth showed no significant differences among the alteration of the percentages of PBS. The results indicated that the maxilla by buccal presented greater bone loss on region of roots associated with the ligature than hemiarco and than among others localizations (palatal of maxilla and lingual of mandible). The present study concluded that the alteration of PDS was independent of teeth evaluated and the morphometric methodology may be used on ligature regions and that the maxilla for buccal side showed more elevated bone loss in periodontitis in rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss , Periodontal Diseases
2.
J. appl. oral sci ; 18(5): 493-497, Sept.-Oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-564184

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated morphometrically bone loss percentages in experimental periodontitis in rats, comparing different locations (lingual mandible, palatal maxilla and buccal maxilla) and two evaluation methods (distance and area methods). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ligatures were placed around the maxillary right second molar and around the mandibular right first molar in 14 female Wistar rats. The contralateral molars served as intragroup controls. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their mandible and maxilla were removed. The specimens were dissected and stained with methylene blue dye. Bone loss was evaluated by two different methods on the surfaces of the defleshed jaw. In the first method, the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest was measured in the roots of teeth associated with ligature. In the second method, the area of bone loss was determined using the alveolar tissue bone, CEJ and the proximal region of roots associated with the ligature as reference. The data were converted to bone loss percentages caused by ligature: (ligated - unligated) x 100/ligated. RESULTS: When comparing the distance and area methods, no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Both methodologies indicated that the maxilla presented greater bone loss than the mandible and it was more accentuated on the buccal side than on the palatal side (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study show that both the area and the distance methods can be used to evaluate bone loss caused by ligature placement in rats, and suggest applying the morphometric methodology to the maxilla on the buccal side.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Periodontitis/pathology , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Disease Models, Animal , Ligation , Periodontal Ligament , Periodontitis/chemically induced , Periodontitis/complications , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Tooth Cervix/anatomy & histology
3.
Braz. oral res ; 21(3): 247-252, 2007. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-458598

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonates are currently used in the treatment of many diseases involving increased bone resorption such as osteoporosis. Statins have been widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and recent studies have shown that these drugs are also capable of stimulating bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an estrogen deficient state and the effects of simvastatin and sodium alendronate therapies on alveolar bone in female rats. Fifty-four rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated. A month later, the animals began to receive a daily dose of simvastatin (SIN - 25 mg/kg), sodium alendronate (ALN - 2 mg/kg) or water (control) orally. Thirty-five days after the beginning of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and their left hemimandibles were removed and radiographed using digital X-ray equipment. The alveolar radiographic density under the first molar was determined with gray-level scaling and the values were submitted to analysis of variance (a = 5 percent). Ovariectomized rats gained more weight (mean ± standard deviation: 20.06 ± 6.68 percent) than did the sham operated animals (12.13 ± 5.63 percent). Alveolar radiographic density values, expressed as gray levels, were lowest in the OVX-water group (183.49 ± 6.47), and differed significantly from those observed for the groups receiving alendronate (sham-ALN: 193.85 ± 3.81; OVX-ALN: 196.06 ± 5.11) and from those of the sham-water group (193.66 ± 4.36). Other comparisons between groups did not show significant differences. It was concluded that the ovariectomy reduced alveolar bone density and that alendronate was efficient for the treatment of this condition.


Os bisfosfonatos são empregados atualmente para o tratamento de várias doenças caracterizadas pelo aumento da reabsorção óssea, como a osteoporose. As estatinas são amplamente utilizadas para redução de níveis elevados de colesterol e estudos recentes têm revelado sua ação anabólica no osso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da deficiência estrogênica e dos tratamentos com sinvastatina ou alendronato sódico no osso alveolar em ratas. Cinqüenta e quatro ratas sofreram ovariectomia (OVX) ou cirurgia simulada ("sham"). Um mês após, os animais passaram a receber diariamente, via oral, 25 mg/kg de sinvastatina (SIN), 2 mg/kg de alendronato (ALN) ou água (controle). Trinta e cinco dias depois do início do tratamento os animais foram sacrificados, as hemimandíbulas esquerdas removidas e radiografadas em aparelho de raios X digital. Foi calculada a densidade radiográfica em tons de cinza da área de osso alveolar sob o primeiro molar mandibular e os valores foram submetidos a ANOVA, ao nível de 5 por cento. Ratas ovariectomizadas ganharam mais peso (média ± desvio-padrão: 20,06 ± 6,68 por cento) que as demais (12,13 ± 5,63 por cento). Os valores de densidade radiográfica, em tons de cinza, foram menores nos animais do grupo OVX-água (183,49 ± 6,47), significantemente diferentes daqueles observados nos grupos que receberam alendronato ("sham"-ALN: 193,85 ± 3,81; OVX-ALN: 196,06 ± 5,11) e no grupo "sham"-água (193,66 ± 4,36). Outras comparações entre grupos não revelaram diferenças estatísticas. Concluiu-se que a ovariectomia reduziu a densidade óssea alveolar e que o tratamento com alendronato sódico foi eficiente para o tratamento desta situação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ovariectomy , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Alveolar Process/drug effects , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Bone Density , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Estrogens/deficiency , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Mandible/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Simvastatin/therapeutic use
4.
J. appl. oral sci ; 14(6): 443-447, Nov.-Dec. 2006. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-447802

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the alcohol consumption on the periodontal bone support (PBS) in experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three male rats were divided into seven groups: G1 (control); G2 (10 percent ethanol); G3 (nutritional control of G2); G4 (20 percent ethanol); G5 (nutritional control of G4); G6 (30 percent ethanol) and G7 (nutritional control of G6). The groups G3, G5 and G7 received controlled diets with equivalent caloric amounts to those consumed in G2, G4 and G6 respectively, with the ethanol replaced by sucrose. After anesthesia, ligatures were installed around the mandibular first molar, leaving the contralateral teeth unligated. After 8 weeks, the rats were killed and their mandibles were radiographed to measure the percentage of PBS on the distal aspect. RESULTS: The intragroup analyses showed that presence of ligatures induced periodontitis (p<0.05). Unligated groups did not show significant differences among the percentages of PBS (p=0.1969). However, in ligated groups the rats that received alcohol (G2:48.71 percent±3.88; G4:47.66 percent±2.54; G6:47.32 percent±3.24) and the nutritional control group associated with a high concentration of ethanol (G7:47.40 percent±3.24) presented a significantly lower percentage of PBS than the other groups (G1:52.40 percent±2.75; G3:52.83 percent±2.41; G5:50.85 percent±4.14). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that alcohol consumption in rats may result in a direct effect on alveolar bone loss and increased development of periodontitis. In addition, they suggest that heavy caloric consumption of ethanol may also present an indirect effect on periodontal tissue as a consequence of malnutrition.


OBJETIVO: O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do consumo de álcool sobre o suporte ósseo periodontal (SOP) em periodontite induzida por ligaduras em ratos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Sessenta e três ratos machos foram divididos em sete grupos: G1 (controle); G2 (álcool a 10 por cento); G3 (controle nutricional de G2); G4 (álcool a 20 por cento); G5 (controle nutricional de G4); G6 (álcool a 30 por cento); G7 (controle nutricional de G6). Os grupos G3, G5 e G7 receberam dietas controladas com a mesma quantidade de calorias consumidas por G2, G4 e G6, respectivamente, com o etanol substituído por sacarose. Após anestesia foram instaladas ligaduras no primeiro molar inferior direito, permanecendo o dente contralateral sem ligadura. Após oito semanas, os ratos foram sacrificados e as mandíbulas radiografadas para medição do SOP na proximal distal. RESULTADOS: A análise intragrupo mostrou que a presença da ligadura foi capaz de induzir periodontite (p<0,05). Os grupos sem ligadura não demonstraram diferenças significativas (p=0,1969) no SOP. Contudo, nos grupos com ligadura os ratos que receberam álcool (G2:48,71 por cento±3,88; G4:47,66 por cento±2,54; G6:47,32 por cento±3,24) e o controle nutricional associado a alta concentração de etanol (G7:47,40 por cento±3,24) apresentaram percentual de SOP estatisticamente inferior aos outros grupos (G1:52,40 por cento±2,75; G3:52,83 por cento±2,41; G5:50,85 por cento±4,14). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram que o consumo de álcool em ratos pode resultar em efeito direto na perda óssea alveolar, aumentando o desenvolvimento da periodontite. Além disso, sugere-se que o consumo calórico pesado de etanol também pode apresentar efeito indireto nos tecidos periodontais, como conseqüência da má nutrição.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss , Ethanol , Periodontitis , Periodontal Diseases
5.
Braz. dent. j ; 17(3): 201-207, 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-442367

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency as a risk factor of periodontal disease in rats. Forty 90-day old female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX; n=20) or sham operated (SHAM; n=20). After 30 days, periodontitis was induced by placement of a cotton ligature around the upper second molars of 10 OVX and 10 SHAM animals. All animals were sacrificed 5 weeks later. Body weight was assessed before all surgical procedures. The left hemimaxillas were removed and the percentage of periodontal bone support was determined radiographically and buccal alveolar bone loss was determined macroscopically using an image-analysis software. Furcation involvement was also evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5 percent significance level. Within the evaluated period, the ovariectomized rats gained more weight than the sham-operated animals (p<0.001). The animals in which periodontitis was induced had less bone support, greater alveolar bone loss and furcation involvement than those without ligature (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between ovariectomized and sham-operated animals (p>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, estrogen deficiency could not be considered as a risk factor for periodontal disease.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da ausência de hormônios ovarianos induzida por ovariectomia como fator de risco para a doença periodontal em ratas. Quarenta ratas com idade de 90 dias foram submetidas a ovariectomia (OVX; n=20) ou cirurgia simulada (sham) (SHAM; n=20). Após 30 dias, ligaduras de algodão foram colocadas ao redor dos segundos molares superiores de 10 animais OVX e 10 animais SHAM. Cinco semanas após, todos os animais foram sacrificados. As ratas foram pesadas antes de todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos. As hemimaxilas esquerdas foram removidas e determinaram-se a porcentagem de suporte ósseo, através de radiografias, e a área de perda óssea alveolar, macroscopicamente, após maceração, com auxílio de programa computacional, além do grau de envolvimento de furca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio de ANOVA com nível de significância de 5 por cento. No período avaliado, as ratas ovariectomizadas apresentaram maior ganho de peso que aquelas submetidas à cirurgia simulada (sham) (p<0.001). As ratas em que foi induzida periodontite apresentaram suporte ósseo estatisticamente menor e maior perda óssea alveolar e envolvimento de furca que as demais (p<0.001). Porém, não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre os animais ovariectomizados e não-ovariectomizados (p>0.05). Com bases nos achados deste estudo, a deficiência de hormônios ovarianos não pôde ser considerada como fator de risco para a doença periodontal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Estrogens/deficiency , Ovariectomy , Periodontitis/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss , Alveolar Process , Body Weight , Disease Models, Animal , Furcation Defects/etiology , Furcation Defects , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Maxilla , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Risk Factors , Tooth Cervix , Weight Gain
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