Morphological variations of caecum and appendix in the central india: a cadaveric study

One of the important reasons of acute abdomen is appendicitis and emergency surgery is needed many times totreat the condition. Different clinical presentations of appendicitis are observed because of the variations inanatomical location of the appendix. Anatomical and topographical variations of the caecum are also known.These unusual positions and presentations land the surgeon in diagnostic and surgical challenges. In this study,the anatomical variations of the caecum and appendix have been observed. The present study is aimed to studythe variations in the size, shape, position and arterial supply of the caecum and appendix in individuals ofdifferent ages and sex, a thorough knowledge of which will aid surgeons in performing various abdominaloperations. The study was carried out on 30 adult cadavers in the department of Anatomy, Government medicalcollege, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Out of which 20 were male cadavers and 10 were female cadavers. TheAnatomy of 30 caecum and 30 appendix was studied in detail. In most of the cadavers, the caecum and appendixwere found in the right iliac fossa. The commonest shape of the caecum found, was adult (ampullary) type. Thecommonest position of the appendix found, was retro-caecal, followed by pelvic. This information is certainlyhelpful to the surgeons in locating the caecum and appendix during surgical interventions.

Histogenesis Of Human Fetal Renal Medulla

Introduction: Histogenesis of kidney gives knowledge regarding histological maturity of kidney and its functionalstatus at the given gestational age. Kidney is developed from two parts, metanephrogenic blastema and uretericbud. Metanephrogenic blastema gives origin to secretory part i.e. nephron while ureteric bud forms the collectingpart i.e. collecting tubules and ureter. Both these parts fuse with each other and the development becomescomplete.Materials and Methods: 50 aborted human fetuses between 13-36 weeks of gestational age were used for thisstudy with no obvious congenital anomalies. The 2-3 mm thick cut sections of both kidneys were taken, processedand Paraffin blocks were prepared. 5-7 micron thick sections were taken with rotary microtome, mounted andthen stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Microscopic features were observed in low and high power and thendocumented.Results and Discussion: Differentiation between cortex and medulla was seen from 16-18 week onwards. Themedulla with collecting ducts, thick and thin segment of loop of Henle became well differentiated from 16 weekonwards. Vascularity of medulla increased with increase in gestational age while connective tissue decreasedwith increase in gestational age. Renal pelvis was lined by transitional epithelium.