ABSTRACT
Stress is a common experience of daily life and all organisms have evolved mechanisms and strategies to deal with crucial alterations in their internal and external environment. Events early in post- weaning life influence brain development and subsequent adult behaviour. This study was conducted to observe neurodegeneration in normal and stressed condition in Postweaning age group of miceExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of restraint stress and foot shock stress applied for 5 days (short duration) and 21 days (long duration). BALB/ C strain of Albino mice were used. In restraint stress, animals were restrained for 6 hours daily in a restraining device. In foot shock group, animals were given intermittent electric foot shock for 3 hours daily in an electric foot shock apparatus. Animal were sacrificed at the end of stress exposure period along with their age matched control mice and the brains were processed for histological examination both in control and experimental groups. Numbers of v Rao MK, Sushma RK. Stress effect on neurons of cingulate gyrus in study. IAIM, 2015; 2(7): 30-35. - A histological , B2*, Antony Sylvan , SD4, Mohandas Rao K5, Sushma RK Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Integrated Medicine, Vol. 2, Issue 7, July Copy right © 2015, IAIM, All Rights Reserved. Available online at http://iaimjournal.com/ ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O) 16-06-2015 Accepted on: 24 Nil Conflict of interest: Events early in post adult behaviour. This study was conducted t hours daily in an electric foot shock viable neurons in the cingulate gyrus regions were counted. The data were analysed between the groups. Results of the study revealed neurodegenerative changes in the stressed group compared to control in both the experimental groups. Severe neurodegenerative changes were observed on prolonged exposure to stress.
ABSTRACT
During routine dissection of head and neck, an unusual drainage in pattern of the veins on the left side of the face was observed in an adult male cadaver. In the present case, he superficial temporal vein united with maxillary vein to form retromandibular vein within the substance of the left parotid gland. The anterior division of retromandibular vein joined with facial vein to form common facial vein that drained into left subclavian vein directly. Knowledge of such variations is important for surgeons performing head and neck surgeries. Facial veins are often grafted into carotid endarterectomy.
Durante una disección de rutina de cabeza y cuello, fue observado en un cadáver aduto masculino un inusual drenaje de los patrones venosos del lado izquierda de la cara. La vena temporal superficial se unía con la vena maxilar formando la vena retromandibular dentro del parénquima de la glándula parótida izquierda. La división anterior de la vena retromandibular se unió a la vena facial formando la vena facial común la cual drenó directamente en la vena subclavia izquierda. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es importante para los cirujanos de cabeza y cuello. A menudo, las venas faciales se injertan en la endarterectomía carotídea.