ABSTRACT
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common surgery for renal stones and it can be performed under spinal and general anaesthesia. There is always a debate upon the superiority of one of the above technique over other. This study was undertaken to study the metabolic changes associated with the use of above techniques. We also studied the blood loss associated with them. Methods: 60 patients of either sex, aged between 25 to 60 years belonging to ASA physical status I or II undergoing PCNL were divided randomly into two groups and they received spinal (SA) and general anaesthesia (GA) as per standard protocol and study parameters were evaluated. Results: Blood pressure was lower and heart rate was higher in SA group compared to GA group. Changes in pH, bicarbonate, serum sodium, serum potassium and serum lactate were insignificant. Blood loss was report to be lower in SA group. Conclusions: In both the groups, patients were haemodynamically stable throughout the surgery and both the techniques were safe regarding hemodynamic changes and no significant advantage or disadvantage exists between the two. In both the groups there was a trend towards metabolic acidosis with increased lactate levels but it was not clinically significant with any of the anaesthetic technique. No changes were seen in electrolytes levels (Na and K) in any of the groups. Spinal anaesthesia was associated with lesser amount of blood loss and need for post-operative blood transfusion as compared to general anaesthesia.
ABSTRACT
The ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini bark has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity in our previous studies. The present study is an attempt to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of S. Cumini bark against inflammation induced by individual autacoid insult. Histamine (1 mg/ml), 5-HT (1 mg/ml), bradykinin (0.02 mg/ml) and PGE2 (0.001 mg/ml) were used as inflammogens. One of these agents (0.1 ml) was injected s.c. into the right hind paw of each rat. The ethanolic extract of S. cumini bark was tested at the doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. The results indicated the anti-inflammatory activity of S. cumini bark in histamine, 5-HT and PGE2-induced rat paw oedema. However, there was no such significant inhibition of oedema volume observed in bradykinin-induced rat paw oedema at any dose level. Thus, it is concluded that S. cumini exhibits inhibitory role on inflammatory response to histamine, 5-HT and PGE2.