ABSTRACT
Background: Cubital fossa is a superficial depression on the anterior aspect of elbow. Superficial veins of cubitalregion are the most commonly used veins clinically for the purpose of venipuncture done for blood sampling,blood transfusion , blood donation & intravenous injections . The different pattern of superficial cubital veinsis studied by many researchers over the time. The variations are reported in different ethnic groups and races bymany such studies.Objective: The aim of the current study was to observe and describe the different patterns of arrangement ofsuperficial veins among male students of Rama University and to find the most common pattern among studentsand to correlate the data with other such studies especially on Indian population.Results: One hundred and ninety eight male students of medical and paramedical streams of Rama University of2017 and 2018 batch were observed for pattern of superficial cubital veins.Ten types of venous pattern arrangedin six groups were noted. The most common pattern observed in our study was type A .Conclusion: The most common type of pattern observed in our study was type A resembling alphabet M ,which isdifferent from the results deduced by other such studies on indian population. The knowledge about the commonlyfound pattern will be helpful to the clinicians and also to the paramedical staff especially under emergencycircumstances where time is limited and crucial
ABSTRACT
Background: Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Despite treatment with standard therapy, many patients with chronic stable angina pectoris remain symptomatic making it an urgent necessity to introduce new strategies. Hence this study was planned to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Ivabradine and Ranolazine; the two novel antianginal drugs. Methods: This was a single blind, randomised, controlled trial. Thirty patients each taking IVA 5 mg twice daily or RAN 500 mg twice daily were randomised into two groups. Patients filled a pretested questionnaire on frequency of angina attacks and adverse reactions experienced at baseline and 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The haemodynamic parameters, routine laboratory investigations were evaluated at the baseline and after intervention. Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of angina attacks per week between the IVA and RAN study groups. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in the number of patients reporting ADR from the IVA group as compared to RAN group. In the IVA group, the most common ADR was dizziness (36.6%); whereas nausea (30%) and dizziness (23.3%) was most common in RAN group. The routine haematological and biochemical evaluations did not show any significant difference between the baseline and post intervention. However, IVA significantly decreased the resting heart rate after eight weeks of intervention.. Conclusion: Both IVA and RAN are comparable and efficacious antianginal agents. However, RAN had a better safety and tolerability profile than IVA.