Tuberculosis of the tongue: A rare case

Introduction: Tuberculosis mostly affects the lungs, but may also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and skin. Extrapulmonary involvement in tuberculosis is rare, accounting for just 10 to 15% of cases. The lymph nodes are the second most common site of tuberculosis infection. Oral tuberculosis has long been thought to be an unusual phenomenon. Oral manifestations are thought to occur in just 0.05 to 5% of all tuberculosis cases. Surface ulcers, patches, papillomatous lesions, and indurated soft tissue lesions are the most common oral manifestations. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented to the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat at MGM Hospital in Aurangabad, India, with a painful ulcer and tiny nodules on the tongue’s tip and lateral surface. The ulcer appeared 3–4 weeks ago without any obvious trigger with a prickling feeling and increased soreness over the area., Onintraoral inspection multiple small nodules is measuring about 0.1 cm and multiple circular ulcer measuring about 0.2 x 0.1 cm in diameter at the tip and lateral border of the tongue. A granulomatous center and a whitish, well-defined border with mild elevation characterized the ulcer. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of tuberculosis evidence in the oral cavity, oral tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral lesions. To prevent ineffective oral therapy, accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful care by concentrating on the pathological source.

ROLE OF RURAL AND URBAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS AT KARNATAKA

Women entrepreneurs face a extensive range of barrier and challenges, It is a general belief in many cultures that the role of women is to build and maintain the homely affairs like task of fetching water, cooking and rearing children. Since the turn of the century, the status of women.in India has been changing due to growing industrialization, globalization, and social legislation. With the spread of education and awareness, women have shifted from kitchen to higher level of Professional activities. The paper aims to analysis the role of the women entrepreneurs in rural and urban in Karnataka. Rural and urban women's constitutes the family, which leads to society and nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every women has in her but has not been capitalized in India in way in which it should be, due to change in environment, now people are more comfortable to accept leading role of women in our society. Women entrepreneur is gaining importance in India in the wake of globalization and economic liberalization. The women entrepreneurs have generally gained potential from the ?nancial institutions especially micro?nance institutions in the form of SHG. In fact these institutions are making women as economically independent if not sound one. This study examines the difference between the role of rural and urban women entrepreneurs, the study tries to evaluate the role of rural and urban women entrepreneurs in economic development – determine the problem and examine the challenges faced by rural and urban women entrepreneurs, to highlight the factors and major constraints faced by women entrepreneurs, ?nally to draw conclusions and suggestions.“Rural and urban women entrepreneurs”, in a larger sense, therefore is a women who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically self suf?cient. A rural and urban women entrepreneur faces numerous problems to reach her familial needs. At last, women entrepreneurs become economically self suf?cient after facing challenges.

To assess the reduction in bone mineral density among children who completed steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome

Introduction: Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome accounting for 85% of cases. It is the most common primary or idiopathic type of nephrotic syndrome in children. It occurs between 1 to 12 years of age, but most commonly 2 to 6 years. Even though the majority of cases show remission of nephrotic syndrome, the hypocalcemia due to Glucocorticoids are very severe. It reduces the bone mineralization and reducing the bone mineral content and thereby reducing bone density. Aim of the study: To assess the reduction in bone mineral density among children who have completed the first course of steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome by measuring biochemical markers of bone. Materials and methods: This study was done to find out the reduction in the Bone mineral density among children who completed steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome, by using bone biochemical markers. This study also helped to assess the side- effect of Glucocorticoids on bone density and to prevent bone demineralization and pathological fractures in children. Results: The results showed there was a reduction in the serum calcium values among children with MCNS. This implied hypocalcemia among children due to GCs and the P value is significant <0.001. This represented the corrected calcium levels among the children after drug effect. It implied the D. Sampath Kumar, S. Prasanna, P. Sakthi Seethalakshmi. To assess the reduction in bone mineral density among children who completed steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome. IAIM, 2018; 5(2): 94-104. Page 95 overall the corrected calcium levels at low levels with MEAN=8.34 mg%. The P value was <0.024 Significant. The total proteins were normal among children after completing the glucocorticoid therapy. The P value was <0.001 and was significant. Mean = 5.68. Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.28. The serum phosphorus was almost normal among remission MCNS Children and at higher levels among defaulters, SDNS and SRNS. Conclusion: Glucocorticoids is the drug of choice and standard therapy for Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome (MCNS), but the drug-induced hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D are assessed by our study. Added to the above, the disease itself characterized by hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D. So, all children should undergo this assessment to prevent growth failure and pathological fractures. Nutritional supplements are recommended for the quality of life among children.

Healing Drug Can Harm Patients Badly :Severe Burn Injury in the Wound with Eusol Dressing – A Rare Entity.

EUSOL (Edinburgh University Solution of lime) is a commonly used solution in Surgical unit which will help the patient in faster wound healing. It is found most effective in Pseudomonads organism. But it will harm the patients too bad as burns if it is used in surgical application without proper dilution with normal saline or with distilled water.

An epidemiological survey of fatal road traffic accidents and their relationship with head injuries.

Death from road traffic accidents (RTA) and in particular Motor vehicle Traffic Accidents have been characterized worldwide as a hidden epidemic which affects all sectors of society. It account for 2.1% of global mortality. A retrospective study of fatal cases of RTA was conducted at Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India between 1-1-2004 to 31-12-2009. The majority of victims belonged to the age group 31-40 years (145 cases; 28.7%). Female were less involved than men with ratio of 1: 3.3. In our present study total vehicular accident fatalities comprised 506 (48.7 %) out of total 1039 medico legal cases autopsied during five years (2005 to 2009). Our study shows the overwhelming majority of the deceased (76.9%) were males. This study shows that most of the deaths in road traffic accidents, take place either within 24 hours or on the spot of injury which is very alarming and highlights the need for taking urgent steps for establishing good pre-hospital care and provision of trauma services at site in India.

Accidental mass poisoning in children: A case report.

Accidental poisoning, a common paediatric emergency, is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. More than half of all cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers involve children under the age of six. And sadly, the majority of these accidental poisonings occur at home. However in India, the precise incidence of accidental poisoning among children is uncertain due to lack of reporting of all the cases. In India, pesticides are used abundantly for cultivation and are stored negligently at home, making them a potential source of accidental poisoning in children especially in rural areas. The best way to minimize paedi-atric accidental poisoning is by creating awareness about safe use and storage of poisonous substances and constant supervision of children. A case of accidental paedi-atric mass poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticide is being reported in this article.

Incidence of snake bites in Belgaum.

Belgaum is surrounded by rivers and ever-green dense forests and is home for many wild creatures. People here usually come in contact with these wild creatures, specially snakes. Hence a prospective study was undertaken to find out incidence of snake bites which were admitted to District Hospital, Belgaum over a period of one year from September 2000 to August 2001. District Hospital, Belgaum is a referral hospital which caters to the needs of public within a radius of 100 km. Out of 290 poisoning cases, 40 were snake bites. Among them 25 cases were poisonous snakebites. The maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21 to 40 years and least were above 40 years. Males predominated, females in the ratio 3: 2. The bites were most commonly found on the lower limbs. Maximum snake bite cases were observed in monsoon. Maximum victims were agricultural workers who work in out-fields. The maximum victims belonged to rural areas.

Proprioceptive loss in leprous neuropathy: a study of 19 patients.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy presents commonly with mononeuritis multiplex, affecting mainly the exteroceptive sensations. Neuropathy with a significant afferent large fiber element is considered to be an uncommon manifestation of leprous neuropathy. AIMS: To evaluate the clinical and neurophysiologic aspects of a subset of patients with leprous neuropathy having clinical proprioceptive loss. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective study of patients with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy secondary to leprosy having proprioceptive loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients seen during a two-year period (2004 and 2005) diagnosed to have leprous neuropathy with proprioceptive abnormalities on clinical examination were included. The diagnosis of leprosy was achieved by clinical features along with positive skin biopsy, split skin smears or nerve biopsy. Their clinical and electrophysiological characteristics were studied. STATISTICAL METHODS : The results were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We observed predominance (68.42%) of multibacillary of leprosy. Symmetrical neuropathies outnumbered mononeuritis multiplex (12:7). The pan sensory neuropathy had a mean duration of 24.32 months, but sometimes appeared early in the course of the disease. Areflexia and electrophysiological evidence of proximal affection was common, reflecting proximal spread of neuropathic process. Such patients have a higher incidence of developing deformities and ulcerations and they represent a vulnerable subset of patients with leprosy.

Battered child: A case report.

A four year old Muslim female child came with alleged h/o fall in school with bluish discoloration around the left eye, neck, back and limbs. The paediatrician suspected this to be a case of bleeding disorder because of family history as her elder sister was suffering from platelet disorder. Finally it turned out to be a physical assault case with no any ill or evil intention.

Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by ELISA test.

Detection of IgG antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by ELISA test appears to be highly sensitive. In 90 per cent (18/20) of proven cases of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), antibodies were present in CSF; in 75 per cent (15/20) antibodies were also present in the sera. In the patients clinically suspected to have TBM, antibodies in CSF and sera were present in 87.5 per cent (42/48) and 70.8 per cent (34/48) respectively, whereas in the control group antibodies were present in only one serum sample and in none of the CSF samples. The results indicate that ELISA test using sonicated M. tuberculosis H37 Ra as antigen is a sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of TBM.

Congenital syphilitic hepatitis.

Hepatitis is a known manifestation of congenital syphilis, however hepatitis developing during penicillin therapy is unknown. Ten patients of congenital syphilis were studied and serial liver enzymes were done before and after starting penicillin therapy. Eight of the ten patients developed hepatitis after initiating penicillin therapy. Whether hepatitis in these cases was secondary to toxic reaction to the products of treponemal lysis or an autoimmune reaction needs to be investigated.