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Despite the multidrug regimen, Hansen’s disease still remains a public health scourge. The present study aims to study the epidemiological and clinical trends of Hansen’s disease in a tertiary care center for a period of 1 year. A cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of the institute for a period of 1 year from July 2020 to June 2021 and all leprosy cases were included in the study. The patients were examined thoroughly, and the diagnosis was done using WHO criteria. The nerves involved, lepra reactions were identified and disability was graded using WHO grading. Out of 62 patients, maximum number of patients (15 patients) were in the 21-30 years age group (24.2%). The most common type of leprosy was borderline lepromatous leprosy (32.25%) and nerve enlarged was the ulnar nerve (63.9%). As per WHO classification, 51(82.25%) cases were classified as MB and 11(17.7%) cases as PB. Among these 62 patients 25 ( 40%) were slit skin smear positive for AFB). A total of 18 patients (29.03%) presented with lepra reactions of which 10 presented with type 1 and 8 with type 2 reactions. A total of 25 patients (40.32%) presented with deformities which shows delayed diagnosis and inadequate timely treatment of disease and its complications. Our data shows that only 13% of cases reported within one year of noticing the symptoms. Community based studies are required to understand the reasons for such a situation in this area. Efforts must be made to prevent its spread, promote early detection, ensure proper treatment, and maintain patient follow-up
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Purpose: Our aim was to determine the various risk factors for secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SO) injection. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 46 eyes of 42 patients who underwent PPV with SO injection under a single surgeon between January 2020 and July 2021. Complete ophthalmological examination including gonioscopy and Goldmann applanation tonometry was performed preoperatively and on three postoperative visits, that is, day 7, day 30, and day 90. Axial length and lens thickness were measured at baseline using immersion A?scan. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) at baseline and at 3 months. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) (>21 mmHg) on day 7 (4.70 ± 7.754 mmHg), day 30 (5.24 ± 7.481 mmHg), and day 90 (2.39 ± 5.659 mmHg) (P<0.01 for all). Age <50 years, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and pseudophakia had a strong association with short?term OHT on day 7. Preexisting glaucoma was the only independent risk factor for long?term OHT (day 90). Higher baseline IOP and SO emulsification also contributed to long?term OHT. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant elevation in IOP at all postoperative visits. Short?term OHT was associated with younger age (<50 years), RRD, and pseudophakia. Patients with emulsified SO in the anterior chamber, higher baseline IOP, and preexisting glaucoma were at higher risk for long?term OHT.
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Aims@#Murraya paniculata (L.) has been widely employed in medicine, has also been modified to serve as an ingredient in health foods and found application in cosmetics. This study was aimed to assess the biological activities of M. paniculata by analyzing the chemical compositions of its flowers, leaves and bark.@*Methodology and results@#Crude extracts drawn from the flowers, leaves and bark of M. paniculata underwent testing to determine the antibacterial properties in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as the overall chemical composition, total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Crude extract of leaves exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity when tested against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The crude extract from bark delivered the most significant antibacterial activity when tested against Micrococcus luteus TISTR 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 1261, Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp. and Methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). For all crude extracts, the MIC value against M. luteus TISTR 9341 was 12.5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the MBC value for the crude extract of leaves against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 was 12.5 mg/mL, whereas, for flower and bark crude extracts, the MBC value against S. aureus TISTR 1466 was 25 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was at its highest for the crude extract from bark (IC50 = 1.36 mg/mL). The highest phenolic content was recorded for the crude extract from bark, while the highest flavonoid content came from the crude extract of leaves (70.81 ± 0.31 mgGAE/g extract and 115.73 ± 1.18 mgQE/g extract, respectively).@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The research findings suggest that the crude extracts of M. paniculata leaves and bark show greater significant levels of bioactivity than was the case for crude extracts from flowers. The research findings could help in exploring the possibilities of using M. paniculata for pharmaceutical purposes and in aquaculture.
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Murraya , Anti-Infective Agents , PhytochemicalsABSTRACT
Background: Adolescents in India contribute to 22% of the country’s population and are susceptible to various preventable and treatable health issues. Objectives: To estimate the burden and to describe the pattern of gynaecological disorders among adolescent girls attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a private medical college hospital in South India. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional analytical study done among 500 adolescent girls of 10-19 years age group in a private medical college hospital in South India during December 2020 to December 2021 using a pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Chisquare test or Fischer exact test was done to find the association between categorical variables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between means. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant for all comparisons. Results: Mean age of study population was 15.94 ± 2.52 years. Menstrual abnormalities reported in 303 (60.6%) girls followed by 240 (48%) girls had leucorrhoea, 68 (13.6%) had urinary tract infection and 54(10.8%) had PCOS. Conclusion: There is a high burden of gynaecological disorders and lack of awareness on various components of adolescent reproductive and sexual health among adolescents.
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Introduction: Undergraduate dental training is demanding and rigorous, unaware students face a lot of challenges after entering the course. Thus, the study aims to find out from a dental sophomore the challenges they face during the first year of dental school. Methodology: An e?questionnaire study was conducted on 932 second?year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students of India. The questions help us gauge problems and hurdles faced by a dental sophomore like information related to difficulty levels, laborious nature and so on. Chi?square test is to find out relativity and association between the variables. Results: Pre?clinical prosthodontics was found the most laborious and a gender?wise significant difference (P < 0.01) was noted amongst females (437, 71.06%) and males (157, 49.53%). Conclusion: This study highlighted that students are usually unaware about the course, the type of content reading, learning, laborious nature of practical work and so on.
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Background: Prognostic research in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring hospitalization has been limited and there appears to be little common ground between predictors of mortality in stable disease and during COPD. Furthermore, none of the prognostic tools developed in stable disease have been tested on hospitalised patients so this study was planned. To test dyspnoea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidaemia, and at Objectives: rial fibrillation (DECAF) and biological assessment profile (BAP) 65 scores on patients in a tertiary care set up and validate the same. Hospital based prospective observational Methods: study was carried out in 80 patients with COPD who were admitted in Government Hospital for Chest and Communicable Diseases. DECAF and BAP-65 Scores were calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. In our study both DECAF score and BAP-65 score Results: performed equally well for prediction of need for Mechanical Ventilation. The AUC for need for Mechanical Ventilation was 0.75 (95% CI=0.67–0.84) for DECAF score and 0.77 (95% CI=0.67–0.85) for BAP-65 score. The AUC for prediction of mortality for DECAF score was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.71–0.88) and for BAP-65 score was 0.79 (95% CI=0.67–0.89). Conclusions: DECAF and BAP-65 are good and also equal in predicting mortality as well as need for mechanical ventilation.
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Background: Pandemics are natural calamities, which humans have been encountering since time im-memorial. The world has witnessed and endured several pandemics like from Justinian Plague to Spanish Flu. The 21st century has already witnessed three major pandemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2002, Middle East Respiratory syndrome in 2012 and at present COVID?19. The first case of COVID?19 was reported in Wuhan, Hubein Province in Dec 2019. The first case of COVID?19 was reported in Kerala on 30th January 2020. COVID?19 virus is a single stranded RNA Virus and resembles SARS -2 virus and hence the name SARS -COV 2. There has been a report of around 34 million cases with 1 million deaths. Majority of the deaths occur in the elderly population as they have immunosenescence and multiple comorbidities. Hence a study aiming at analysis of correlation between SpO2, radiological and biochemical markers is essential in management of COVID 19 in elderly. Aims & Objectives: To study the correlation between SpO2 and radiological features in X ray and CT Chest and biochemical markers with the severity and outcome in geriatric patients. Study Period: April 2020 to September 2020, Duration: 6 months. Study Centre: Chengalpattu Medical College, Tamilnadu. Inclusion Criteria: RT PCR positive Covid 19 patients more than 60 years of age. Exclusion Criteria: Covid 19 patients less than 60 years, RT PCR Negative patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of 300 Covid 19 patients, aged more than 60 years hospitalized in Chengalpattu Medical College during April to September 2020 was done and biochemical parameters mentioned below were corelated with features in CXR and CT Chest RTPCR positive spo2 and analysis with severity of disease and outcome was done. Results and Discussion: On retrospective analysis of records of elderly Covid 19 patients, it was observed that the elderly could be graded as mild, moderate and severe based on clinical criteria. Radiological parameters co-relating in the same group classified as mild, moderate and severe could be derived and could be used for assessment of patients. Similarly, it was observed that the biochemical parameters of D? Dimer, C reactive protein, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio correlated most significantly in that order with the clinical severity of disease and hence could be used as useful tools for assessment of severity of patients and the ranges corelating withseverity could be derived. Conclusion: Analyzing SpO2, radiological features, biochemical parameters individually and in combination with clinical severity and outcome in elderly patients helps in deriving biochemical and radiological parameters to predict severity which in turn helps in a holistic approach and right management at the right time preventing or reducing mortality due to Covid 19 in the elderly.
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Objective: 1) To critically review the published literature on applications of dental stem cells in the regeneration of intraoral tissues. 2) To provide an evidence-based level on research regarding application of dental stem cells in intraoral tissues regeneration. Methodology: This systematic review is conducted as per the JBI guidelines and reported as per the PRISMA. An initial literature search of papers published between 2004 and 2018 yielded 421 manuscripts. Nineteen studies satisfied the inclusion / exclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis. Studies were categorized as animal (11) and human (8) trials. Five independent reviewers critically assessed the included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) bias risk tool, robins-I tool for non-randomised clinical trial and Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for randomised clinical trial. Evidence levels were assessed based on JBI Criteria. Results: Animal trials mainly focused on periodontal regeneration. A high or unclear Risk of bias was more commonly found amongst animal studies. Laboratory, clinical and radiographic evaluation were used to assess the outcome. A total of Eight Human studies were conducted on a total samples size of 153 upon a wide age ranging from seven years to 60 years. Nearly 70% of the human studies used DPSC for regenerating alveolar bone defects. Conclusion: Appropriate well designed double-blind randomized clinical trials of longer duration are yet to be performed. Evidence for the included studies were 1C and 1D as per the JBI Criteria. Stem cell therapy demonstrated promising results in Periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration. However, the number of studies to claim such a benefit are very limited (AU)
Objetivo: 1) Revisar criticamente a literatura publicada sobre aplicações de células-tronco dentárias na regeneração de tecidos intraorais. 2) Fornecer um nível baseado em evidências sobre pesquisas relacionadas à aplicação de células-tronco dentárias na regeneração de tecidos intraorais. Metodologia: Esta revisão sistemática é conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do JBI e relatada de acordo com o PRISMA. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica inicial de artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2018 resultou em 421 manuscritos. Dezenove estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão / exclusão e foram incluídos para síntese qualitativa. Os estudos foram categorizados como ensaios em animais (11) e humanos (8). Cinco revisores independentes avaliaram criticamente os estudos incluídos. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta de risco de viés do Centro de Revisão Sistemática para Experimentação com Animais de Laboratório (SYRCLE), a ferramenta robins-I para ensaios clínicos não randomizados e a Ferramenta da Colaboração Cochrane para ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os níveis de evidência foram avaliados com base nos critérios JBI. Resultados: Os ensaios em animais focaram principalmente na regeneração periodontal. Um risco alto ou pouco claro de viés foi mais comumente encontrado entre os estudos com animais. Avaliações laboratorial, clínica e radiográfica foram utilizadas para avaliar o resultado. Um total de oito estudos em humanos foram conduzidos em um tamanho total de amostras de 153 com ampla faixa etária, variando de sete a 60 anos. Quase 70% dos estudos em humanos usaram DPSC para regeneração de defeitos ósseos alveolares. Conclusão: Ensaios clínicos randomizados duplo-cegos apropriados e bem elaborados de maior duração ainda precisam ser realizados. As evidências para os estudos incluídos foram 1C e 1D de acordo com os critérios JBI. A terapia com células-tronco demonstrou resultados promissores na regeneração do tecido periodontal e do osso alveolar. No entanto, o número de estudos para reivindicar tal benefício é muito limitado (AU)
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Humans , Animals , Stem Cells , Tooth, Deciduous , Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal , Dental PulpABSTRACT
Background@#Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. @*Methods@#All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. @*Results@#Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37± 21.49 months (range, 3–60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. @*Conclusion@#Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery.
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@#Introduction: Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 -adrenoreceptor agonist is an important adjuvant to general anaesthetic practice in view of its potent sedative, anaesthetic-sparing and analgesic effects. We investigated the effect of a single dose pre – induction dexmedetomidine on the anaesthetic requirement during surgery and pain profile. Methods: 60 patients who were ASA I - II and planned for orthopaedic procedures under general anaesthesia were recruited. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group D received intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine 1 µg/ kg (n=30) preoperatively or Group P received normal saline (n=30) instead. Both groups were induced with standardised IV induction agents and anaesthesia maintained with Sevoflurane, titrated using the bispectral index scale. The expired fraction of sevoflurane and haemodynamic parameters were recorded at 5-minute intervals intraoperatively. Postoperatively, postoperative pain score (VAS) was documented at 30 minutes recovery. Results: Our study showed a 27.8% reduction in the intraoperative expired fraction of sevoflurane requirement in group D versus 11.5% reduction in Group P (p < 0.001) and a lower mean heart rate in Group D as compared to Group P [mean (CI): 69.20 (64.03, 74.37) versus 82.00 (72.12, 91.87) per minute, p = 0.00]. The mean (SD) VAS for 30 minutes postoperative pain was significantly lower in group D when compared to group P [1.507(0.275) vs 2.209(0.403), p = 0.00]. Conclusion: This study has shown that a single dose of pre-induction dexmedetomidine was able to significantly reduce anaesthetic requirement of sevoflurane and mean heart rate intraoperatively and postoperative pain.
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Irido-Corneal Endothelial (ICE) syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity which includes corneal endothelial damage, obstruction of anterior chamber angle, iris atrophy, and polycoria.ICE syndrome is a spectrum of clinical entities namely Progressive Iris Atrophy (PIA), Cogan Reese Syndrome (CRS), and Chandler Syndrome (CS). It is considered to be sporadic, usually unilateral and diagnosed in young adults, females and occasionally in children. Corneal decompensation and glaucoma are the commonest causes of vision loss in patients with ICE syndrome.Medical management of this condition is usually with topical antiglaucoma medication. In most cases medical therapy fails and requires Glaucoma Filtration surgery. Glaucoma drainage devices are the mainstay of treatment and many patients require keratoplasty. We wanted to study the clinical profile of ICE syndrome patients, its association with glaucoma in Indian population and compare the findings with those of previous studies. METHODSIn this retrospective study, data of 50 consecutive patients having ICE syndrome at a tertiary eye care centre was collected. RESULTSOut of 50 patients, 28 (56%) were females, aged 7 to 65 years (median - 40.72 years). 49 patients (98%) had unilateral presentation, and one had bilateral involvement (2%). Progressive Iris Atrophy (PIA) was seen in 20 (40%), Chandlers Syndrome (CS) in 20 (40%) and 10 eyes (20%) had Cogan-Reese Syndrome (CRS). 46 (92%) eyes had glaucoma. Mean Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) was 23.70 ± 11.7 mm of Hg. Mean AGM used was 2.44 ± 1.3. 44 (88%) eyes were diagnosed to have glaucoma at presentation, 1 (2%) eye was diagnosed with glaucoma during follow up. 20 (40%) eyes were managed medically for IOP control. 8 (16%) eyes had undergone previous glaucoma surgery. 20 (40%) eyes underwent glaucoma surgery for IOP control. 15 (30%) eyes had Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C, 5 (10%) had Ahmed glaucoma valve. 4 (8%) eyes underwent diode cyclophotocoagulation. 6 (12%) eyes required more than 1 surgery for IOP control. 6 (12%) eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for corneal oedema. Mean period of follow up was 8.4 ± 6.4 months. There were no cases of sight threatening complications like suprachoroidal haemorrhage, blindness or endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONSGlaucoma is strongly associated with ICE syndrome. ICE patients may require more than 1 surgery for IOP control. They are commonly associated with corneal complications which may require penetrating keratoplasty.
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Background: COPD can affect the heart as secondary effects of the disease. The electrocardiography has been seen as a very best tool for early diagnosis of any cardiac changes that may occur as a result of secondary effects of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Objective of the study was to study the P wave axis and its correlation with severity of COPD.Methods: Here, 30 Patients of COPD confirmed by clinical history, examination and Pulmonary function tests were included in the study. These patients were clinically examined, and they underwent routine investigations like hemogram, urine examination, blood urea, serum creatinine, chest x-ray, random blood sugar, sputum examination and ABG analysis. These patients underwent pulmonary function test, ECG and ECHO.Results: In this study 36.66% of patients had RVH. Incomplete RBBB was seen in 20%. 13.33% had normal ECG. Most common finding in patients with less than one year of exposure was RVH. Low voltage complexes and R/S ratio in V1>1 were the only ECG changes with significant correlation with severity of the disease (p<0.05). Maximum no. of patients had a P wave axis of 71-800. the correlation between P wave axis and the duration of the disease was found to be statistically significant. the correlation between P wave axis and the severity of the disease was found to be statistically significant, 8/27 patients (29.63%) with less than one year of disease had features of corpulmonale.Conclusions: P-axis verticalization can serve as a very effective electrocardiographic screening tool for emphysema in the general population.
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progresses if the exposure to aggravating factors continues. As lung function is declined, even after exposure is reduced or totally stopped, the COPD continues to progress though may be at a slower pace and as an effect of increasing age. Objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 30 patients as decided by inclusion and exclusion criteria at MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Medchal from November 2012 to June 2014. Detailed history, detailed clinical examination, Systemic examination and Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was done for all patients included. Pack years of smoking was calculated. Data was entered in Excel worksheet and analyzed using proportions.Results: Maximum number of patients was in age group of 60-69 years (36.67%). Majority were males i.e. 83.34%. Smoking was major risk factor. Maximum number of patients (90%) had symptoms of less than one year of duration. Maximum number of patients (80%) had moderate to severe airflow obstruction at time of presentation and only 13.34% had mild disease. Four patients had mild form of the disease. Majority of patients with severe to very severe disease had more than 20 pack years. All patients in the study had breathlessness at the time of presentation. Wheeze and Crepitations were present in 96.66% of patients.Conclusions: Smoking has been found to be the major risk factor and it was positively correlated with the severity of COPD.
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Background: Childhood obesity is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases and is an important determinant of cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes etc. This can largely be attributed to the transformation in the lifestyles of children. There is still lack of knowledge about obesity among high school children. Objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of risk factors of obesity among school children and to find out the knowledge of hazards and preventive measures of obesity among school children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students aged between 13-14 years from 9 randomly selected schools. The total sample included 480 students.Results: Out of 480 subjects 70.4% had heard about obesity, 62.3% were aware about the increasing prevalence of obesity among the youngsters, 26.7% thought unhealthy dietary factors and 29% thought mental stress were the main factors leading to obesity and non-communicable diseases. More than 75% students had correct knowledge of dietary factors associated with obesity like eating larger portion of food, eating fried foods, having junk foods. 51-75% of the students responded correctly for the factors i.e. using motorcycle for short distance.Conclusions: More than half of the students had knowledge of specific dietary and physical activity risk factors. Majority of the students identified high blood pressure, diabetes and heart problem as hazards of obesity. Only one third of the students knew preventive measures like adequate intake of fruits and vegetables, limiting unhealthy snacks and limiting screen time to prevent obesity.
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@#Introduction: Pesticides may influence the physicochemical properties of soil and the water quality parameters, which is vital in maintaining soil fertility and producing high quality crops. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the concentration of pesticides, the physicochemical properties of the paddy soil samples and the water quality parameters of paddy water samples. Methods: A total of 72 soil and 72 water samples were collected in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia. The paddy soil and water were extracted using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques respectively. The concentrations of pesticides were analysed in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The relationship of the concentration of target pesticides and the paddy soil and water physicochemical properties were studied using Spearman correlation. Results: In paddy soil, the concentration of propiconazole shows moderate positive correlation with manganese (Mn) (r = 0.587) (p≤ 0.01). Meanwhile buprofezin-total organic carbon (TOC) (r = -0.55) (p≤ 0.01), imidacloprid-cation exchange capacity (CEC) (r = -0.519) (p≤ 0.01), pymetrozine-sodium (Na) (r = -0.588) (p≤ 0.01), and trifloxystrobin-calcium (Ca) (r = 0.566) (p≤ 0.01) showed moderate negative correlation. Whereas in water, trifloxystrobin showed significant positive correlation with turbidity (r = 0.718) (p≤ 0.01) and tebuconazole showed negative correlation to dissolved oxygen (DO) (r = 0.634) (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion: The presence of pesticides in paddy field may influence the soil and water quality, thus regular monitoring of pesticides usage and nutrient management in soil is deemed important.
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Purpose@#Liver injuries constitute an important cause of hospital admissions, pediatric morbidity, and sometimes mortality. This study was undertaken to assess the spectrum of pediatric liver injuries with special emphasis on the management of acute complications. @*Methods@#This retrospective study used data from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangalore Medical College, Bengaluru, India, between March 2013 and March 2019. All children between 1-18 years were included in the study (n = 33). Children were assessed with relevance to age, sex, mode of injury, hemodynamic stability at admission, need for blood transfusions, surgery, radiological investigations, complications, total number of days of stay in hospital, and mortality. @*Results@#There were 27 (81.8%) males and 6 (18.18%) were females. The most common cause for injury was a road traffic accident (60.6%). The majority (nearly 65%) of pediatric liver injuries were Grade II and III. There were 4 children who had post traumatic complications including 2 pseudoaneurysms, 1 inferior vena cava thrombus, and 1 bile leak with a biloma formation which were managed appropriately. @*Conclusion@#Timely and appropriate radiological evaluation is required for assessments of complications. The majority of complications can be managed conservatively, and minimally invasive techniques like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is helpful in the management of complications.
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Purpose@#Liver injuries constitute an important cause of hospital admissions, pediatric morbidity, and sometimes mortality. This study was undertaken to assess the spectrum of pediatric liver injuries with special emphasis on the management of acute complications. @*Methods@#This retrospective study used data from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangalore Medical College, Bengaluru, India, between March 2013 and March 2019. All children between 1-18 years were included in the study (n = 33). Children were assessed with relevance to age, sex, mode of injury, hemodynamic stability at admission, need for blood transfusions, surgery, radiological investigations, complications, total number of days of stay in hospital, and mortality. @*Results@#There were 27 (81.8%) males and 6 (18.18%) were females. The most common cause for injury was a road traffic accident (60.6%). The majority (nearly 65%) of pediatric liver injuries were Grade II and III. There were 4 children who had post traumatic complications including 2 pseudoaneurysms, 1 inferior vena cava thrombus, and 1 bile leak with a biloma formation which were managed appropriately. @*Conclusion@#Timely and appropriate radiological evaluation is required for assessments of complications. The majority of complications can be managed conservatively, and minimally invasive techniques like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is helpful in the management of complications.
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Background: Advocates, being stressed out and depressed in the law profession due to unstable work pattern, work overload and lack in coping up skills. They thrive a lot to survive in the profession. In such circumstances, lawyers may lean on alcohol or tobacco. In view of above issues, one of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the association between use of alcohol, tobacco, smoking and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using SPSS.Results: Around 263 (87.66%) study participants were non-smokers and 37 (12.33%) were tobacco smokers. Among the tobacco smokers, a majority of 24 (64.86%) were found to be hypertensives (p=0.002). In the current study among the alcohol consumers, a majority of 26 (55.32%) were hypertensives and among the non-consumers of alcohol, only 38.34% were hypertensives (p=0.044).Conclusions: Advocates being professionals are well educated, informative and aware of complications. Adoption of healthy life style practices, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced among the advocate community. Life style modifications such as cessation of smoking, alcohol and tobacco should be adopted. Promotive activities like arrangement of health camps in the court, health education, counselling on self-care, stress bursting leisure time activities would reduce the dependency on tobacco and alcohol.
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Background: Corneal diseases are among the major cause of vision loss and blindness in the world today. Corneal transplantation remains the mainstay of treatment. Hence creation of awareness carries paramount importance. Aim of this study is to assess the awareness about eye donation amongst attendants of deceased patients, their willingness to donate eyes and the reasons for poor donation rate. To assess the efficacy of grief counselling by Eye Donation Counsellor (EDC), its impact on the conversion rateMethods: A prospective hospital based study was done in 135 participants (guardians of deceased subjects) admitted in intensive care units, from June 2017 to June 2018. Counsellor accompanied with a junior resident would first screen the cases. Relatives of suitable cases were approached and counselled in a systematic manner following a standard interview pattern. Responses were noted in a predesigned proforma.Results: Among 618 deceased cases 135 potential donors were identified.57.8% next of kin were aware of the concept of eye donation, but 42.2% were not. After counselling, willingness for eye donation was seen in 54.1%, others refused. Among 57.8% kin who were aware, 51.3% gave consent. Prior knowledge of eye donation, literacy and socioeconomic status did not have any significant influence on willingness. Counselling was found to be the best method to facilitate eye donation.Conclusions: An active counselling by eye donation counsellor is the main factor which is responsible for eye donation.
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Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women for safe pregnancy and healthy babies. It is the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. Health knowledge is an important element which enables women to be aware of their health status and promotes service utilization which further improves the health of the beneficiaries. This study was conducted among mothers of rural area of Belagavi with an objective to determine the level of knowledge related to ANC and the factors associated with the same.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among mothers who had delivered within one year from date of study and who had registered and availed antenatal services in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, BIMS, Belagavi. Sample size was calculated as 161. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. Data was collected after obtaining an informed, written consent from the participants and was compiled, tabulated and analysed in MS Excel. The results are presented as percentage and proportions and chi square test has been applied.Results: 50% participants had fair knowledge regarding ANC. The level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant with employment status and BPL status.Conclusions: The study found adequate knowledge among majority of mothers.