Correlación de la distancia recorrida en la caminata de 6 minutos y puntajes de comorbilidad Charlson y Elixhauser / Correlation of distance traveled in the 6 minute walk and Charlson and Elihauser comorbidity scores

Introduction: The walking test of 6 minutes (6MW) is a test that merges the answer of different systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal muscle and neurosensorial) and offers an useful objective result to lead therapeutic measurements and stablish a prognosis, it's possible that the comorbid patient lowers their functional reserve and alters the result of the test not only because of the presence of pathologies cardiorespiratory, nevertheless, information about the correlation between the scores of comorbidity and the traveled distance in the 6MW is limited. Objective: Determine the correlation between the traveled distance in the 6MW and the scores of comorbidities of Charlson and Elixhauser. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made, in patients taken to the 6MW made between 2006 until March 2020, in a hospital of high complexity; there were included patients older than 18 years old, whose clinic history record and walk of 6 minutes were available. The index of Charlson and Elixhauser were calculated in the 6MW, a bivariate analysis was made between the antecedents of pathologies and the traveled distance, independently and adjusted, the spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for the different scores and the distance in meters of the 6MW, was considerate a significative p: <0,05. Results: to the final analysis 491 subjects entered, the average age was of 69 years old (sd: 14,9), 54% male, the 15,3% had an abnormal walk less than the 80% of the expected, the diseases that were considered had a statistically significant relation with the decrease of the distance in the 6MW were arterial hypertension (p: <0,001), chronic heart failure (p=0,037), heart arrhythmia (p=0,003), smoking (p=0,022), chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (p: <0,001), dementia (p=0,03diabetes mellitus with target organ damage (p=0,01), moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (p=0,012), obesity (p=0,036) y lymphoma (p=0,038 the spearman correlation coefficient between the traveled distances and Charlson was of -0,343 (IC95%:-0,420 -0,264)(p: < 0,001) and -0,213(IC95%:-0,285 -0,116)(p: <0,001) with the Elixhauser index. Conclusion: The distances walked in meters in the 6MW has a reverse low correlation with the comorbidity index, the diseases that were not cardiopulmonary and that related independently with changes in the traveled dist ance are smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and lymphoma. Key words: Comorbidities, Walk, Test, Cardiopulmonary, Charlson, Elixhauser

Corrosion casting, a known technique for the study and teaching of vascular and duct structure in anatomy / Inyección corrosión, una técnica conocida para el estudio y enseñanza de ductos y estructuras vasculares en anatomía

Teaching and learning anatomy, as a process, has changed. Fresh cadavers were once used as a tool for the student to approach the human body in order to overcome theoretical knowledge and gain applied expertise. Today, techniques such as corrosion casting are known to be a more effective way of achieving optimal results with the students. This paper examines a method to apply this technique to an organ using different polymers. The concentrations for acrylic, epoxy resin, polyester resin, and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone are described, as well as the corresponding diameter of the duct to be injected with each one. A variety of specimens obtained using this technique, their qualities and characteristics are presented. The results of using these procedures while involving the students, showed increased sense of responsibility, dedication and awareness, which led them to take the class more seriously and enjoy the process of learning. Additionally, the specimens left by the students will help future classes reduce the number of specimens needed.

El proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza en anatomía ha cambiado recientemente, el cadáver fue la primera herramienta que permitía al estudiante una aproximación practica al cuerpo humano, facilitando que este se sobrepusiera al conocimiento teórico adquirido en el aula, y desarrollara experticia aplicada. Hoy en día, técnicas como la inyección corrosión son conocidas por lograr mejores resultados con los estudiantes. Este trabajo presenta un método para aplicar esta técnica a un órgano, mediante el uso de diferentes polímeros. Las concentraciones adecuadas de acrílico, resina epoxica, resina poliéster, y silicona RTV (room temperature vulcanization) son descritas, así como el diámetro sugerido para el uso de cada polímero. Se presenta una variedad de especímenes obtenidos mediante esta técnica, así como sus cualidades y características. Al integrar a los estudiantes en el proceso de creación de los especímenes, estos demuestran mayor sentido de responsabilidad, dedicación y autoconciencia, generando mayor compromiso, y entusiasmo con la clase y el proceso de aprendizaje. Adicionalmente, los especímenes producidos por ellos, serán de gran utilidad para clases a futuro.

Estrategias de afrontamiento de crisis causadas por desempleo en familias con hijos adolescentes en Bogotá / Coping strategies for crisis caused by unemployment in families with adolescent children in the city of Bogota

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y comprender las estrategias de afrontamiento de una crisis causada por el desempleo en familias con hijos adolescentes en la ciudad de Bogotá. La base conceptual paradigmática toma como referencia el enfoque sistémico integrado al construccionismo social, que facilita una lectura relacional y compleja de los fenómenos abordados. Se utilizó el enfoque social interpretativo, teniendo en cuenta los principios del construccionismo social y su relación con la cibernética de segundo orden; la estrategia cualitativa implementada consistió en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a seis familias, y en su triangulación con la Escala de Evaluación Personal del Funcionamiento Familiar en Situaciones de Crisis (F-COPES), de Mc Cubbin, Larsen y Olson. Esta escala tiene como objetivo primordial el registrar las actitudes y conductas efectivas ante la resolución de problemas. Se concluyó que la forma como el sistema familiar interprete o signifique su realidad, incide directamente en la aparición o no de una situación de crisis. Las estrategias de afrontamiento mas utilizadas por las familias fueron la reestructuración del problema, la búsqueda de apoyo espiritual y la Evaluación Pasiva, mientras las utilizadas en menor medida fueron la Obtención de Apoyo Social y la Movilización Familiar para Obtener y Aceptar Ayuda.

The objective of this article is to describe and understand coping strategies for facing a crisis caused by unemployment in families with adolescent children in the city of Bogota. The conceptual framework for the study is the systemic approach that facilitates a relational and profound understanding of the problems dealt with. The social interpretative approach, based on the principles of social constructivism was the method used in the study, taking into account the relation with second order cybernetics. The qualitative strategy implemented consisted of in depth interviews carried out with six families and triangulated with Mc Cubbin, Larsen, and Olson’s Scale of Personal Evaluation of Family Functioning in Crisis Situations (F-COPES). The main purpose of the scale is to record effective attitudes and behaviours when having to solve a problem. The study concluded that the way in which a family system interprets its reality determines whether or not a crisis will emerge. The coping strategies most used by families were problem restructuring, spiritual support and passive assessment. The strategies that were least implemented included receiving social support such as charity and mobilizing to obtain and accept support.

Perfil epidemiológico social del personal de enfermería: determinaciones en su salud mental / Profile epidemiologist social the personal of nursing: determinations in his health mental

La prevención y la asistencia en materia de salud laboral debe considerar la integridad física, psíquicas y social de los trabajadores. La lectura del presente trabajo cuyo objetivo principal es: determinar las influencias que el medio ambiente y las condiciones de trabajo tiene sobre la salud mental del personal de enfermería en los servicios hospitalarios, puede contribuir a través de un proceso de toma de conciencia a prevenir y cuidar la salud de un sector de trabajadores en permanente situación de riesgo: el personal de enfermería.