ABSTRACT
Resumo A doença de Chagas (DC) é causada pelo Trypanosoma Cruzi. Esse parasita pode infectar vários órgãos do corpo humano, especialmente o coração, causando inflamação, fibrose, arritmias e remodelação cardíaca, e promovendo a cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) no longo prazo. Entretanto, poucas evidências científicas elucidaram os mecanismos moleculares que regulam os processos fisiopatológicos nessa doença. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são reguladores de expressão gênica pós-transcricional que modulam a sinalização celular, participando de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da DC, mas o entendimento dos miRNAs nessa doença é limitado. Por outro lado, há muitas evidências científicas demonstrando que o treinamento com exercício físico (TEF) modula a expressão de miRNAs, modificando a sinalização celular em indivíduos saudáveis. Alguns estudos também demonstram que o TEF traz benefícios para indivíduos com DC, porém esses não avaliaram as expressões de miRNA. Dessa forma, não há evidências demonstrando o papel do TEF na expressão dos miRNAs na DC. Portanto, essa revisão teve o objetivo de identificar os miRNAs expressos na DC que poderiam ser modificados pelo TEF.
Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi. This parasite can infect several organs of the human body, mainly the heart, causing inflammation, fibrosis, arrhythmias, and cardiac remodeling, promoting long-term Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC). However, little scientific evidence has elucidated the molecular mechanisms that govern the pathophysiological processes in this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression that modulate signaling pathways, participating in pathophysiological mechanisms in CD, but the understanding of miRNAs in this disease is limited. On the other hand, a wide range of scientific evidence shows that physical exercise training (PET) modulates the expression of miRNAs by modifying different signaling pathways in healthy individuals. Some studies also show that PET is beneficial for individuals with CD; however, these did not evaluate the miRNA expressions. Thus, there is no evidence showing the role of PET in the expression of miRNAs in CD. Therefore, this review aimed to identify miRNAs expressed in CD that could potentially be modified by PET.
Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/genetics , Chagas Disease , MicroRNAs/genetics , ExerciseABSTRACT
Physical exercise training (PET) has been considered an excellent non-pharmacological strategy to prevent and treat several diseases. There are various benefits offered by PET, especially on the immune system, promoting changes in the morphology and function of cells, inducing changes in the expression pattern of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these changes depend on the type, volume and intensity of PET and whether it is being evaluated acutely or chronically. In this context, PET can be a tool to improve the immune system and fight various infections. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which produces cytokine storm, inducing inflammation in several organs, with high infection rates in both sedentary and physically active individuals, the role of PET on immune cells has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this review focused on the role of PET on immune system cells and the possible effects of PET-induced adaptive responses on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.